أكاديميا - كولنز - معاجم الجيب العلمية - الكمبيوتر - انكليزي - فرنسي - عربي الحرف ٤_a

Academia - Collins - Pocket Scientific Dictionaries - Computer - English - French - Arabic Letter 4_A

argument
argument m

Independent variable. A variable factor, the value of which determines the value of the function of which it is a part.
For example, to get the square root when programming in BASIC, we use a function such as (SOR(X. The value of this function depends on the value of the independent variable X.

arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
organe m de calcul

Arithmetic logic unit. A part of the computer that performs arithmetic operations, addition, subtraction, and logical operations. This unit (ALU) is part of the central processing unit and has an arithmetic table to save the results of the calculations while the processing process is ongoing.

Central processing unit
Output data
Arithmetic logic unit
Control unit
Input data
Memory store

array
réseau m

Array. This name is given to a regular set of locations that can be obtained through a common starting address or from an identifier, instead of being obtained individually.

For example, let's take a building consisting of eight floors (storeys) in each of which there are four apartments. The apartments can be numbered or coded from 1 to 32 as in a one-dimensional array and we say apartment 1, Apartment 2... etc. Alternatively, we can give the numbers 11 to 14 to the first floor, the numbers 21 to 24 to the second floor, and the numbers 31 to 34 to the third floor, as in a two-dimensional array, and then the apartment is referred to as, for example, Floor 2 Apartment..... etc. (Note that when using rows and columns, access to the data paragraph is always by row first, then column). If the names of the families living in the apartments were: Badr Al-Shafi'i Badran Al-Hashem, Al-Rashid Hasni, Al-Moallem Al-Wardi, Houri... etc., then these same names can be stored in a one-dimensional array: F ​​$1, F $2, F $3
etc.... (in BASIC, $ means string).

Badr F$ (1)
Al-Shafi'i (2) $ F
Badran (3) $ F
Al-Hashem (4) $ F
Al-Rashed (5) $ F

In general, a two-dimensional array remains more suitable when dealing with large amounts of data:

First floor: Badr, Al-Shafi'i, Badran, Al-Hashem.

Second floor: Al-Rashed, Hosni, Al-Moallem, Al-Wardi.

To obtain the names of the families that live on the seventh floor, we must use the following references:
, F$ (74) F$ (7,3) F$ (7,2), F$ (7,1)

artificial intelligence
intelligence f artificielle

Artificial intelligence. The name used to describe software that teaches a computer how to benefit from its experience and how to make decisions based on that experience, almost as humans do.

For example, a machine can play chess, but if that machine could learn from its mistakes each time it played, and play better the next time, it would be said to have artificial intelligence.

ASCC (automatic sequence controlled calculator)

See Aiken.

ASCII code
code m ASCII

ASCII code. (Abbreviation for American Standard Code for Information Interchange). A standard code used to transfer data, especially to exchange data between machines. Many computer manufacturers develop their own codes, but ASCII is often used as a standard code that allows for the connection between various computers
and peripherals such as printers.

ASICS (application specific integrated circuit)

Application integrated circuits

Application integrated circuits. Development of custom chips for other product manufacturers. These chips are sometimes called dedicated chips and can be used to control a specific function, such as washing machine programs, speech recognition chips, or the operation of high fidelity (HiFi) equipment.

ASICS chips have become increasingly popular due to modern design and manufacturing methods that rely on standardized chip building blocks rather than designing from scratch each time, which has reduced development costs.