أكاديميا - كولنز - معاجم الجيب العلمية - الفيزياء - انكليزي - فرنسي - عربي الحرف ٤_ t

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transducer
tranducteur m

Adapter. A device that converts energy from one form to another. Thus, the microphone and loudspeaker are examples
The converter.


transformer
transformator m

adapter . A device used primarily to convert electrical energy while changing its voltage (the full name of the device is voltage transformer).
The incoming alternating current generates an alternating magnetic field in the core. The core is made of thin strips to mitigate eddy currents. The variable field induces a changing voltage between the two ends of a secondary (output) coil.
See electromagnetic induction.

The ratio of the output voltage to the input voltage is equal to the ratio of the numbers of turns of the two output and input coils: V2/V1 = N2/N1.
If there is a 100% power transfer, then P1=2 or V2I2=V2I1. Thus, in a perfect machine, the ratio of the input and output currents is perfect
Equal to the ratio of the output and input turns I2/I1 = N2/N1.

In practice, no transformer has a 100% yield, although values ​​close to this are quite common. Power losses result mainly from eddy currents in the core, coil resistance, and the energy required to connect and disconnect the core's domains during each magnetization cycle.
And V2 < V1 in the step-down transformer,
Then N2 < N1 and I2 > I1.
Thus the wire connections must be thicker than the input wires. In the case of a step up transformer it is V2 > V1 and the opposite applies.


transistor
transistor m

Transistor is a semiconductor device whose output current depends on signals in the “base” direction. It is mainly used as an amplifier or oscillator.

Figure (A) below shows what are known as bipolar transistors.

Shown in (b) are field effect transistors (FETs) that operate with a voltage signal instead of variable base currents.


triangle of forces
triangle with forces

Power triangle. If a system is in equilibrium and governs three vectors, plotting the vectors to a relative scale forms a triangle. The drawing must show the vectors with size and direction. All directions must be clockwise or counterclockwise. The body in (a) below is in a state of balance as three forces act on it. The triangle is shown in Figure (B). Any of the vectors is parallel to the other two vectors. See also - parallelo gram rule.
Also called trianlge of vectors.