أكاديميا - كولنز - معاجم الجيب العلمية - الفيزياء - انكليزي - فرنسي - عربي الحرف ٢_ g

Academia - Collins - Pocket Scientific Dictionaries - Physics - English - French - Arabic Letter 2_ G


Geiger-Müller tube
tube m Geiger - Müller

Geiger-Müller valve. An old sensitive radiation detector that is still common.

The valve contains low-pressure argon gas mixed with bromine, which acts as a braking agent. A potential difference of between 350 and 450 volts is maintained between the anode and the cathode.

A quantum or particle of erroneously displaced radiation leaves the ions when it loses energy, and the electric field in the LED causes the ions to move toward the two electrodes. Light negative electrons accelerate at a high rate, and when they collide with gas particles, they produce more electrolytes. and so on. Thus, each incoming radiation packet produces a shower of charge in the LED and a pulse of current in the output circuit. The pulses may operate a loudspeaker, a counter, or a scaler.


generator
générateur m

Generator . A machine that converts kinetic energy into electricity. Alternators give alternating current, and other types give direct current. The simple types of both types have a similar structure.

A coil mounted on a lamellar iron core rotates in a magnetic field. Electromagnetic induction leads to the appearance of an alternating voltage between the two ends of the coil. There are two carbon brushes
By transferring this voltage to the outside by means of two “split rings” providing (alternating current) or one “slip ring” (direct current), it is called a (commutator).
Electricity generation in power plants relies extensively on huge, high-speed alternators. These alternators may be operated by water pressure (hydroelectricity) or by steam turbines. The generators themselves have a high yield. However, recycling it causes a large (loss) of energy.


geothermal energy
energie f geothermique

Geothermal energy. Thermal energy found in the ground. This heat sometimes escapes in the form of a volcano. Drilling can release this energy and use it to operate a small power generation station.


gradient
gradient m

Gradient. A synonym for slope. See graphs.


graphite
graphite m

Graphite. A form of carbon that conducts electricity well. It can be used as a lubricant or moderator in a nuclear power reactor.