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charge distribution
distribution f charge

Shipment distribution. If an object has a pure charge, and charges can move within it, the forces between them cause them to move apart, and thus the charge appears
The net value of the sample on the surface. For complex reasons, the more curved the surface, the greater its charge density. Thus, the ball has a fixed charge density, whereas the charge in the cube only appears at the edges, and if there is a protruding point, almost all of the charge appears at its peak.

This last effect leads to the “action of points.” The charge density at the protruding point can be so high that the charge is transferred to or from the outside. This “leakage” can discharge a charged body. The pointed tips of lightning conductors reduce the possibility of being struck by lightning.

charging. charging
chargement m

shipping . A neutral body can acquire a charge in a number of ways. If the surface of the body is rubbed with another suitable surface, it may gain or lose electrons and become negative or positive. This is charging by friction. Charge can be acquired by contact with a charged surface. The drawings are shown here. A third method is charging by induction. See electroscope.

And “photo-emission”. It is the release of electrons from the surface by radiation. It is one of the photo-electric effects. The body is positively charged, unless other electrons enter and become from somewhere.

Charging the battery (see cell) involves reversing the normal chemical changes that occur when discharging, and there is a transfer from electricity to potential chemical energy.


Charles' law
Loif de Charles

Charles's Law is one of the three ideal gas laws. The volume of a fixed mass of gas at constant pressure is proportional to its absolute temperature.

This means that if the temperature T is doubled, the volume V is doubled: and T2/V2 = T1/V1. The test shown in the figure (a) gives the graph (b).


circuit
circuit m

Circuit. A number of electrical elements that conductors connect to an electrical power source. Circuit diagrams show the system of connecting components in a simplified way. See Table 4 for the usual symbols. In the circuit shown below (a), the source supplies energy to a lamp through a circuit breaker and a fuse. The two meters measure the current in the lamp and the voltage between its ends. Drawing (B) can be practically similar to reality. However, there are many types of each component, and circuit diagrams are easy to draw, print, and use. Complex circuits are sometimes simplified into block diagrams.