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sodium compounds
Compositions of sodium

Sodium compounds.

- Sodium carbonate Na2CO3

This compound is made through the Solvay process, and it is an important chemical. One of its many uses is its use in the glass industry. Sodium carbonate hydrate appears efflorescence:

Na2CO3. 10H2O → Na2CO3. H2O + 9H2O

(gas) (solid) (solid)

Unlike most carbonates, these dissolve in water. It does not decompose with heat. Its aqueous solution is alkaline.

- Sodium chloride NaCl

It is known as regular salt or table salt. This compound is obtained from rock salt. It is used to make sodium hydroxide, sodium metal, and chlorine. It is used to flavor and preserve food.
See Solvay process.

- Sodium hydrogen carbonate NaHCO3

This compound is used in baking powder, and is broken down by heat or acids.

2NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O
(gas) (solid)
heat

NaHCO3 + HCI → NACI + H2O + CO2
(gas) (liquid) (aqueous) (aqueous) (solid)

Sodium hydrogen carbonate is also used in fire extinguishers and anti-inflammatory powders
For poor digestion.

- Sodium hydroxide NaOH

This compound is produced by the electrolysis of brine, and has wide-ranging uses in industry, such as the soap and paper industry. It is caustic alkali. The pH of the solutions increases to 10.

- Sodium azotate NaNO3

It is used as fertilizer and in preserving meat.

- Sodium sulfate Na2SO4

The hydrated salt (Na2SO4.10H20) is called Glauber's salt. Sulfates are used in the paper industry.

- Sodium thiosulfurate Na2S2O3

This compound is used in the photography process. It is used to stabilize the negative image and is often known as “hypo”.

This compound reacts with unreacted silver bromide, thus ensuring that no subsequent reaction with light occurs.


softening
adducissement m

Facilitate.
See hardness of water.


solder
soudure f

welding. Ladam. A mixture of tin and lead in different proportions depending on the use, such as plumber’s solder, soft solder for electrical connections, etc.


solid. solid
solide m

solid . Solid material. A substance whose atoms and molecules are fixed in their positions and does not have the freedom of movement that their counterparts in liquid and gas have. The atoms and molecules within the lattice are held together by bonds, and the atoms and molecules are unable to move except when these bonds break, and then the solid material melts.

When heat energy is placed within the solid lattice, the atoms or molecules gain enough energy to break bonds. Although the atoms or molecules within the network do not move from one place to another, they begin to vibrate.


soluble
soluble

Soluble. My melting. A substance is soluble if it dissolves in a solvent. The extent of dissolution of a solute depends on the solvent and temperature. At each temperature, there is a maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a specific volume of solvent. This produces a saturated solution.
See solubility.


solubility
Solution f

Solubility. Solubility. The solubility of a solute in a solvent is the extent to which it dissolves. The solubility of an ionic substance in a solvent is higher than that of a solute with covalent bonds. For example, copper sulphate (II) dissolves more in water than it does in methane. The unit used is the mole of
The substance dissolved in 100 g of solvent at a stated temperature with
There are other units, such as mol/dm3 and g/100 g, that are sometimes used.


solute
solve m

dissolved substance. A name for substances that dissolve in a solvent to produce a solution, such as copper (II) sulphate, which dissolves in water to produce a solution, so it is a solute:

CuSO4 (aqueous) CuSO4 → (liquid) H2O + (solid)


solution
solution f

solution. When a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance dissolves in a solvent, it forms a solution, and the solute particles (i.e., its atoms or molecules) spread throughout the solvent and are not visible.