أكاديميا - كولنز - معاجم الجيب العلمية - الكيمياء - انكليزي - فرنسي - عربي الحرف ٥_ p

Academia - Collins - Pocket Scientific Dictionaries - Chemistry - English - French - Arabic Letter 5 P


poison
poison m

poison. A harmful substance that, if it enters the body, leads to death or injury. Toxins can be inhaled, as in the case of hydrogen cyanide (HCN), carbon monoxide (CO), or lead fumes in the air. They can also be eaten or drunk, such as arsenic (II) oxide or strychnine, or they enter the body through the skin. As in the case of benzene and nerve gases.

Nuclear isotope radiation can be considered poison.


polyamides
polyamides mpl

Polyamides are man-made polymers that contain an amide group of atoms. Some of these compounds are commonly known as nylon.

Polyamides are condensed ionomers.

Amide group


poly(chloroethene) (PVC)
polychloroethylène m

Poly(Chlorine and ETN). This polymer is made from chlorine (CH=CHCI). This compound has multiple uses, such as vinyl flooring, food containers, cylinders, fibers, and gutters.

polyesters
polyesters mpl

Polyesters. Man-made polymers contain an ester group of atoms.
The famous polyester is terylene, which is widely used in daily life. They are condensed ionomers whose monomers consist of an acid and an alcohol.

Esther group

Alcoholic monoamine
Acid monotreme


poly(ethene)
polyethylène m


Multiple (Etn). A polymer made of ethene, commonly known as polythene in English.
And poly(ethn) is an addition polymer.

(C₂H₄)n

Here n is a very large number (in the range of 50,000). It is widely multi-ethnic today. It is used as a saturated alkane, and therefore very non-reactive. It is used in containers, such as ice cream containers or margarine, and for packaging, such as cling film and plastic bags, and for many other uses.

The monomer, ethne, is produced by cracking petroleum refining products such as naphtha.


polymers
polymers mpl

schmoozers. Large molecules in which a group of atoms is repeated, such as:

x - x - x - x - x - x - x - x
or
x - y - x - y - x - y - x - y

Isolates may be naturally occurring or man-made.
Starch and glucose are natural ionomers, while nylon, terylene, polychloroethene, and poly(propene) are man-made.
Iomers are made by activating monomer molecules, usually with a catalyst.
Addition polymerization involves one type of unsaturated molecule. In polymerization, a long chain of atoms connected by bonds is formed
Single bonds See poly (ethene).
Because the ionomer is a saturated molecule, it is largely non-reactive, which gives it useful properties. See the entries for enantiomers separately.

Example :

(Acrylonitrile) monomer

Oligomerized (fabrics such as acrylan and courtelle are made from it).

Condensation polymerization involves two molecules (singularity) condensing together into long chains. A small molecule is removed during the reaction. Monomers are bifunctional molecules, meaning that each molecule has two functional groups. Good examples of condensing ionomers are nylon and terylene. Nylon is made by activating an acid and an amine.

Monograms

The source of most of the raw materials used in man-made isomers is petroleum. The polymer industry has witnessed huge growth in recent years, and there is no doubt that this growth will continue as long as oil or an alternative to it is available.