أكاديميا - كولنز - معاجم الجيب العلمية - الكيمياء - انكليزي - فرنسي - عربي الحرف ٣_ h

**Ali Abbass** · 07-01-2024, 08:22 PM

Academia - Collins - Pocket Scientific Dictionaries - Chemistry - English - French - Arabic Letter 3_ H

hydrate
hydrate m

Hydrate. Mahat. A hydrate is a compound with which water is chemically combined. Hydrated salts, i.e. those containing water of crystallization, are the best examples:
CuSO4.5H2O
CaCl2.6H2O

hydride
hydrure m

hydride. Hydride is a compound that contains only hydrogen and one other element. Examples:

Ammonia, NH3, water, H2O, hydrogen sulfide, H2S
Nonmetallic hydrides are covalent compounds.
Some metal hydrides contain the ion H, such as NaH. These compounds are highly reactive and disintegrate water immediately.

hydrocarbon
hydrocarbure m

Hydrocarbon. A compound of hydrogen and carbon only, such as alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes:
CH4 Matan
C2H2 Etain
C2H4 where
C6H6 benzene

hydrochloric acid HCI(aq)
acide m chlorhydrique

Hydrochloric acid. Hydrochloric acid. A solution of hydrogen chloride in water contains chloride and oxonium ions. The maximum concentration of the solution is 36 (about 11 mol/dm). The monobasic acid produces salts called chlorides, such as:

Fe + 2HCI → FeCl2 + H2
(Gas) (Aqueous) (Aqueous) (Solid)

Mg + 2HCI → Mg Cl2 + H2
(Gas) (Aqueous) (Aqueous) (Solid)

It is a strong acid because it completely dissociates into CI (aqueous) and HO (aqueous) ions in a dilute solution. Carbon dioxide is released from carbonates and hydrogen carbonates and can be oxidized to chlorine.

MnO2 + 4HCI → MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2
(gas) (liquid) (aqueous) (aqueous) (solid)

hydrogen (H2)
hydrogène m

Hydrogen is a diatomic gaseous element. An atom consists of one proton and one electron. The isotope deuterium contains a neutron in the deuterium nucleus of the atom. There is another isotope called tritium, which has two neutrons in its nucleus, and it is a radioactive isotope.

Hydrogen is highly reactive and can form covalent bonds by sharing electrons, such as:

2H2 (gas) → 2H2O (gas)

H2 + gas C2H4 (gas) → C2H6 (hydrogenation) (gas)

Two hydrogen ions can be produced by losing an electron to form H+ or by gaining an electron to form H, which is found in some hydrides. The positive hydrogen anion (H) is very reactive and small (it is a single proton) to the point that it does not exist in a solution of water. It interacts in an aqueous solution with water.
To form an oxonium ion. Acids contain an oxonium ion.

Hydrogen is a reducing agent, and is used to convert vegetable oils into margarine. Large quantities of it are used in the Haber process. Hydrogen is produced industrially from petroleum by steam refinement of alkanes.

In the laboratory, hydrogen is produced by reacting a metal with an acid other than nitric acid, such as:

Zn + + 2HCI → ZnCl2 + H2
(aqueous) (liquid) (aqueous) (solid)

Hydrogen is also released by electrolysis of aqueous solutions that contain ions of elements above hydrogen in the electrochemical series, such as NaCl (aqueous) and Mg (NO) (aqueous), and by the reaction of water with alkali and alkaline earth metals such as sodium and calcium. Hydrogen is a flammable gas that forms Oxygen explosive mixtures, and great care must be exercised in its production, collection and use.

hydrogen bond
Liaison f d'hydrogen

Hydrogen bond. A weak chemical bond can form between hydrogen atoms and oxygen or nitrogen atoms. Although hydrogen bonds are weaker than covalent bonds or ionic bonds, they affect the physical properties of compounds. The molecules in water and ice are linked to each other by dense hydrogen bonds.

Hydrogen bonds

أكاديميا - كولنز - معاجم الجيب العلمية - الكيمياء - انكليزي - فرنسي - عربي الحرف ٣_ h

أكاديميا - كولنز - معاجم الجيب العلمية - الكيمياء - انكليزي - فرنسي - عربي الحرف ٣_ h

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