أكاديميا - كولنز - معاجم الجيب العلمية - الكيمياء - انكليزي - فرنسي - عربي الحرف ٢_ d

Academia - Collins - Pocket Scientific Dictionaries - Chemistry - English - French - Arabic Letter 2_ D


detergent
detergent m

Cleaner. A cleaning agent that performs two actions when used to wash clothes or dishes. It reduces the surface tension of the water, which allows for better wetting of the washed material. It combines water with fat, oil or grease (which are usually insoluble substances) and turns them into an emulsion. If the presence of detergent is accompanied by a rapid movement, as in a washing machine, the dirt particles and grains are removed and the material is cleaned. Washed.

Detergents form an emulsion because part of their ionic molecule is attracted to water and the other part (the hydrocarbon chain) is attracted to oil molecules. Thus, detergents do both.
Here is an example of a synthetic detergent molecule:

. See hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and soap


deuterium
deuterium m

doter day. An isotope of hydrogen has a neutron and a proton in the nucleus
And its symbol:

2/1D
2/1H or

This isotope occurs naturally, and makes up 0.015 percent of hydrogen. It is easy to separate because its density is twice that of ordinary hydrogen.
Deuterium oxide is known as “heavy water” and its formula is D20.

di -

Second. Bi-double is a prefix meaning "two". For example: carbon dioxide CO2 - two oxygen atoms Diatomic molecule - two atoms in the molecule.


diamond
diamond m

Carbon allotrope diamonds exist
Naturally, especially in South Africa and the Soviet Union. It is a precious metal, and it is the hardest naturally occurring material known to date, and therefore it is used in drill heads and saw blades. Diamonds are valued as gems due to their rarity and brilliance. The carbon atoms are arranged in its crystal lattice in a tetrahedral formation, and they share interconnections.

diatomic molecule
Diatomaceous molecule

Diatomic molecule. A molecule contains two atoms. For example:

N2 O2 H2 Cl2 F2 Br2 I2


dibasic acid
acid m dibasique

A dibasic acid is an acid that contains two replaceable hydrogen atoms in each molecule. Two types of salts can be formed with these acids: the normal salt, in which both hydrogen atoms are replaced, and the acid salt, in which one hydrogen atom is replaced. Examples:

- Acid
H2CO4
Sulfuric acid

H2SO3
Carbonic acid

- The two salts

acidic
Na2SO4
Sodium hydrogen sulfate
NaHSO3
Sodium hydrogen carbonate


- Normal

Sodium carbonate
Na2SO4

Sodium carbonate
NaHCO3


dichromate (IV) ion (Cr2O72¯)
ion m bichromate

Dichromate (VI) moiety. This anion contains chromium and oxygen atoms, its valence is two, its formula is - Cr203, and it is usually used in the form of bright orange salts of potassium and ammonium:

K2Cr2O7
(NH4)2Cr2O7


The dichromate ion is an oxidizing agent, referring to chromium (111) ions, Cr+3.


diesel fuel
carburetor m diesel

Diesel Fuel A fuel/air mixture is injected into diesel engines and compressed. The heat produced by the pressure causes the fuel/air to explode. Fuel is extracted from petroleum and consists mainly of alkanes whose boiling point ranges between 200° and 350° C.


diffusion
diffusion f

Spread. If two gases, such as air and nitrogen dioxide, are separated first, and then allowed to mix, they mix completely. This happens because molecules
The two gases move randomly with great speed because of the thermal energy they possess.
Diffusion occurs more quickly when the temperature is raised. The lower the density of the gas, the faster its spread. Diffusion also occurs in liquids, solutions and solids.


dilute
dilué

Extended diluent. A diluted solution is a solution that contains a relatively low concentration of solute. The solution becomes more diluted by adding more solvent to it. Dilute acids usually have a concentration of 2 mol/dm3 or less.


dimer
always m

Dimethyl . A molecule composed of two identical molecules (monomers) bonded together. For example.
NO2 dioxygen N204