أكاديميا - كولنز - معاجم الجيب العلمية - الكيمياء - انكليزي - فرنسي - عربي الحرف ٦_ c

Academia - Collins - Pocket Scientific Dictionaries - Chemistry - English - French - Arabic Letter 6_ C


coke
coke m

Coke . The substance remaining after removing volatile compounds from coal. Coke contains more than 80 percent carbon. It was made with coal gas production, but today it is made in coke ovens from special coking coal. Coke is used to make carbon monoxide in blast furnaces, which is an important (smokeless) fuel.


combines power
valence f

Union capacity. See valency.


combustion
combustion f

Combustion: In combustion reactions, a substance joins with a gas, and these reactions are usually accompanied by the release of heat and light, i.e., a flame. Oxygen is included in most combustions, such as:

(gas) 2H20 < (gas) 02 + (gas) 2H2


complex ions
ions multiple compositions

Complex cation ions (such as metal or hydrogen ions) are linked to one or more small molecules by a coordinate bond. The simplest example is that of the ammonium ion and the oxonium ion.

Here, the lone pair of electrons in the nitrogen and oxygen atoms forms a bond.

Transition metals form a large number of complex ions because they can easily accept the gifted electron pair.

compound
Compose m

compound . A pure substance composed of two or more elements chemically bonded together. The properties of the compound differ greatly from the properties of the elements bound in it. Compounds may contain ionic or covalent bonds. Examples include: methane, CH4, water, H2O, and sodium chloride, NaCl. See mixture.


concentrated
concentrated

Center of a Solution Concentrated is a solution that contains a relatively large concentration of solute. If you want to increase the concentration of a solution, this is possible either by adding more solute or by removing the solvent (for example, by distillation) from the solution. See dilute.


concentration
concentration f

Concentration Concentration of a solution What is the measurement of the amount of solute dissolved in a solution? This is usually expressed as the amount of substance in a certain volume of solution, and this quantity is determined either by mass, such as grams, for example, or by the number of particles, such as moles. Examples of concentrations and how to write them are:

For a solution containing 170 grams of silver nitrate (one mole) per cubic decimeter (dm3) of solution. (See molarity):

170 g/dm3, or 1 mol/dm3, or 1 mol/liter, or M1.


condensation
condensation f

Condensate. 1 - The change from a gas or vapor state to a liquid state, such as water condensing on a cold window glass.

2 - The interaction of two or more molecules to produce a larger molecule and a small molecule, such as water. This is a method for producing some polymers such as nylon.


conductor
conductor m

Conductor: A material that allows electrical current to flow through it. Metals, solutions containing ions, and molten ionic compounds are conductors, while the rest of the other materials are insulators, and graphite, one of the forms of carbon, is a well-known exception. Some metalloids are semiconductors.

Examples of vectors:
Sodium (Na). Transport by electrons.

Molten copper (II) chloride ((liquid) CuCl)

Zinc chloride solution (aqueous) ZnCl2. Transport by the movement of ions.

The term conductor also applies to materials that allow heat energy to flow through them. Metals are also good conductors of heat.

Conservation of energy and mass
Conservation of mass and energy

Conservation of energy and mass. The mass of the reactants in a chemical reaction and the mass of the products
Equal. And also:
Energy of the reactants energy
=
Energy of reaction products
+
Any heat energy is exchanged with the surroundings. In other words, mass and energy are neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. Rather, they preserve.
But these relationships are approximate, as Einstein showed that mass can be converted into energy and vice versa. This is important in nuclear reactions, but the previous relationship holds in normal chemical reactions.