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Academia - Collins Scientific Pocket Dictionaries - Biology
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food chain
Enjoy the nutritional value

A food chain is a nutritional relationship in which energy and carbon compounds obtained by green plants through photosynthesis are passed to other organisms, meaning that there are animals that eat plants and they are in turn eaten by other animals, and so on.

Plant-eating ← green-eating herbivore, carnivore, large carnivore (producer) (small consumer (primary consumer) (secondary, third consumer)

The arrows here indicate “already eaten”. Examples of such a food chain include:

Plants → Insects → Lizards (lizards) → Snakes. Not all food chains are this long. For example, there is something shorter:
Sheep grass ← Human grass ← Lion antelope

But such food chains rarely exist
Independently, several food chains are often interconnected in a more complex relationship called a food web. The drawing shows part of the food web in a freshwater pond.

All food webs have a delicate balance. If someone destroys network links, all other memberships will be affected. For example, in a pond food web, if perch disappear as a result of a disease, the pike population decreases while water scorpions increase.


food consumers
Consommateurs mpl d'aliments

Organic food consumers are heterotrophic organisms that occupy the links below green plants in the food chain.

food producers producteurs mpl d'aliments

Food products. Autotrophic organisms - mainly green plants - occupy the first level of the food chain.


food tests
exams mpl alimentaires

Nutritional tests. Chemical tests used to determine the components of a food sample. Here are some common nutritional tests.

Protein + Biuret reagent (blue)
Heat
Purple/purple colour.

Reference sugar + Benedict blue reagent)
Heat
Green/yellow/red color.

Starch + loidin solution (brown) → blue/black color

Fat + water + ethanol (transparent) → white emulsion

Vitamin C + Dichloropheno-Lindophenol (D.C.P.I.P) (Blue) ← D.C.P.I.P (Transparent)


fovea
(or yellow spot) fovea f

Click (or yellow spot). An area of ​​the retina in the eyes of some vertebrates that is specialized for acute vision, and contains many cones but does not contain rods. See eye.


fruit
fruit m

Fruit. The ovary of a mature flower, containing seeds that form as a result of pollination and fertilization. The fruit protects the seed and helps in its dispersal.

Apple seeds
Kernel fruit. Seed
Single single
Tomato seeds


fruit and seed dispersal
Dispersion of grains and fruits.

Fruit and seed dispersal The methods by which most flowering plants disperse seeds away from the location of the parent plant, thus: (a) avoiding competition for resources (b) ensuring large-scale colonization such that a tenth percentage of the seeds are more likely to settle in suitable habitats.

(a) Dispersal by wind: Air currents carry fruits or seeds that usually show an adaptation to increase their surface area.

Elderflower - leaves - single umbrella fruit
Dandelion
Fruit (ovary)
An umbrella of bristles

(b) Dispersal by animals: Grape fruits, such as burdock, get stuck to the covering of animals and may fall away from the mother plant. Animals eat succulent fruits, such as strawberries, and the small, hard seeds pass through the gut and remain intact until they are excreted in the faeces.

Fruits. Freeze
Burdock dogs

(c) Explosive dispersal: Uneven drying of the fruit may cause it to explode and disperse the seeds.
Anthracite (open) - pen - ovary wall - seeds

Sweet peas (open)
Ovarian wall
Flower remains
Seeds


FSH
See follicle-stimulating hormone.