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Academia - Collins Scientific Pocket Dictionaries - Biology
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endocrine (ductless) glands
glands fpl endocrines

Endocrine glands (without ducts). Structures that secrete chemicals, called hormones, directly into the blood circulation in vertebrates and some invertebrates.

The main endocrine glands in the human body.

Thyroid gland (pretracheal)
Pancreas
Ovaries (in females)
Testicles (in males)
Pituitary gland (at the base of the brain)
Adrenal glands (above the kidneys)

The rate of hormone secretion often changes in response to changes in internal body conditions, and may also change in response to environmental changes.


endoskeleton (or internal skeleton) endosquelette m

Internal skeleton A skeleton found inside an animal's body, like the skeleton in vertebrates. The internal structure provides shape, support, and protection for the body and muscles. Compare and produces motion in agreement with the exoskeleton. The drawing (p. 102) shows the main aspects of the human internal structure.


energy
energy f

energy . The ability to do work » work. This work is achieved in living organisms by performing the seven characteristics of life: movement, nutrition, reproduction, excretion of waste, growth, sensation, and breathing.

Types of energy: heat, light, sound, electricity,

The internal structure of a human being

Cranium (skull), cervical vertebrae (neck), sternum - rib cage, lumbar vertebrae. The basin. Femur Fibula - Tibia Phalanges (toes)
Clavicle (ring bone) Shoulder blade Humerus Radius Ulna Carpal bones Metacarpals Metacarpals Phalanges (fingers) Patella (knee cap)

Chemical energy, nuclear energy, potential (stored) energy, and kinetic energy. Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but rather it can be changed from one form to another. This scientific law is called the law of conservation of energy. Examples:

Fireworks light: chemical energy - sound kinetic energy

Television: electrical energy - light - sound

The concept of mutual energy conversion is important for living organisms because green plants convert the light energy of the sun into chemical energy / latent in the food through the photosynthesis reaction.

Sunlight is a photosynthesis carried out by green plants - chemical energy / potential in food.

Other memberships can then launch those
Chemical/potential energy through interaction with respiration and its transformation into other useful forms. For example:

Food (chemical / potential energy) - respiration, thermal energy, electrical energy, kinetic energy


environment
environnement m

environment . The conditions in which organisms live, which affect their distribution and success. Many factors contribute to the formation of the environment, including: (a) non-living physical factors such as heat, light, etc., (b) living (biotic) factors such as predators and competition.

The interaction between these factors determines habitat conditions and communities select the memberships that best suit these conditions.