السفينة أبولو ١١ .. يتقاطع مسارها ومدار القمر حول الأرض .. كتاب في سبيل موسوعة علمية

Apollo 11 intersects with the Moon's orbit around Earth

The ship will reach the orbit of the moon around the Earth after a time of between 62 and 76 hours (3 days = 72 hours) after its launch from Florida. This Apollo 11 ship actually reached it in 75 hours and 57 minutes, 3 minutes behind schedule, which is hours, which its men spent. In other than the tasks we mentioned, sleeping, eating, and practicing living as much as possible, then continuing to test the ship’s devices, then testing them, and communicating wirelessly with the control center in the town of Houston in the United States. This calculated wireless connection to the Earth, over such a long range, represents some marvels.

The surveillance men hear their voices clearly, as if they heard them from nearby. Likewise, the men of the ship hear the men of the land. The ship's men prepare to orbit in an orbit they choose around the moon.

- Descending the spaceship into orbit around the moon:

The spaceship has reached the moon and is moving. At a speed of 9000 kilometers per hour.

And for the ship to orbit around the moon, and in a close orbit
From its surface, this speed must be reduced to a speed that is consistent with the orbit we want for the ship. It is known, of course, that the more the speed decreases, the narrower the astronomical cycle is, and the more it increases, the wider the astronomical cycle becomes.

In order to descend the ship to an orbit 112 kilometers above the moon, it must descend at a speed of 5,800 kilometers per hour.
How do we do that?

They made it with the rocket motor that is inside the service module connected to the surveillance vehicle. They lit it to push the ship in the opposite direction it was going, that is, while the ship was in a position that made the missile descend at its speed, not increase it. This is how the rocket engine brake works.

They obtained an elliptical orbit, that is, an oval one. They re-ignited the rocket, and the second time they reached an orbit around the moon closer to the circle, its height was 112 kilometers, and the moon then appeared clearly to the men. There is no air or clouds in it to prevent the clarity of the images. They continued to transmit what they saw to the people of Earth, through the observation center on Earth, as they had done before and would do. They also transmitted images from the moon via television to Earth.

After being certain of what they had reached and the situation they were in, two of the astronauts, namely Armstrong and Aldrin, exited from the command vehicle to the lunar module through the tunnel between them, and were reassured that all the devices in it were working, and they provided it with the necessary pressure and air conditioning, in preparation for it and its descent. Then they left it and returned to the mother ship, eating and sleeping. They were extremely tired.

They orbited the moon repeatedly. They saw the eye's view of that side of the moon that the people of Earth never see. Whenever they turned to it, all communication between them and the Earth was cut off, as the body of the moon cut off the radio and blocked it, and the ship and its men became completely isolated.

Landing on the moon:

The decisive moment is approaching.
The two men, Armstrong and Aldrin, return to the lunar module, preparing to descend to the surface of the moon, and Major Collins remains in the command module, the mother craft, and never descends to the moon. He keeps rolling it around the moon until the two astronauts return to him.

(The upper half of the lunar module, which contains the two lunar astronauts, Armstrong and Aldrin. Its rocket caught fire, separating it from the lower half of the module, which remained on the surface of the moon. The upper half rose to orbit around the moon again to dock with the command module, which is still there orbiting.)

The two vehicles separate when the missiles ignite
The lunar module is pushed away from the mother vehicle. The two vehicles travel together about a quarter of a lunar cycle, tens of meters apart.

Then the men of the lunar module launch the rocket called the descent rocket (that is, the one that causes it to descend to the moon).
They fire it as a short shot, and it acts against the movement of the vehicle, thus reducing its speed, and thus making it smaller than its orbit, and thus it is approaching the surface of the moon.

When rockets are launched, they increase speed if they work with the body's travel, and they decrease it if they work against the body's travel, and then they work as a brake, as we previously mentioned.

The lunar ship descends to a height of 1,500 meters from the surface of the moon. Then its commander returns and ignites its descent missile to increase its descent. Here the two astronauts look to identify the spot they want to land on the surface of the moon, the four if they had prior knowledge of it, or they choose it as a flat place away from dangers.

When the vehicle reaches the surface of the moon, its legs will straighten and straighten, landing on the surface gently and smoothly
And touch him as a companion.

The decisive moment:

We were then in the capital of the United States.
The roads were empty of pedestrians, or almost empty.

This is because each person sat at a television receiver to see and hear, while the person in the house rushed to his home, and the person in the hotel hurried to his hotel. And he took the club to his club.

Not only in Washington, not only in America,
But in Europe, in Asia, and in every country, they planned to carry the moon images to him as a living lamb..

They made an appointment for us there at two in the afternoon
At night, the observation center, in the town of Houston, begins to connect the people of the moon and the expanse of the moon with the people of the earth and the expanse of the earth.

Finally, they were kind enough to make the appointment ten in the evening. We learned that this happened because the men on the moon were supposed to sleep in the lunar vehicle, on the surface of the moon, for two hours or more to rest before leaving it due to the stress they experienced. Perhaps it was more stress on the nerves than on the bodies. But they could not be patient while the surface of the moon was present, inviting them to record the greatest event in history.

(In this picture you see astronaut Edwin Aldrin walking on the surface of the moon, and in the foreground of the picture you see his footprints drawn on the moon’s soil. You also see things reflected on the front of the helmet that the astronaut is wearing, including the first astronaut (Neil Armstrong) (Neil Armstrong, and his photographic camera, as well as the flag of the United States, the non-color television camera, and part of the lunar module that landed on the moon, during the historic landing on it that occurred on July 20, 1969 according to the Apollo 11 project)

We spent period after period listening to the conversation that was taking place between the men of the observation center on Earth and the men of the spacecraft above the moon. Silence descends, then the conversation resumes. We waited until anxiety began to replace anticipation.

Suddenly, the lunar module appeared with something moving on it. It was a ladder leading to the moon, and it was the astronaut whose back appeared to us as he stepped one foot after the other down the runways, but with extreme caution. As he approached the roof, he lowered his foot to it, and we let him feel it slowly, and then he touched it.

Then the television announcer gave a loud shout, which increased the nervous tension among the viewers. He shouted: This is the decisive historical moment. It is the foot of the first human to touch the surface of the moon.

The Moon Man turned around, looking around him before taking a second step. Little by little, he practiced walking and walking became easier. We saw his shoes imprinting the marks of his heavy soles on the soil. Long periods pass as if they were glimpses.
The second moon man descends from the lunar module, and the two men meet on the surface of the moon. They talk together via wireless, as there is no air on the moon that can carry sound, and they talk to the monitoring center on Earth. We hear all this talk.

The two men wandered around the land around them, most of which was plain, except for blocks of stone here and there, and several graves that were not very deep. And they take pictures. They distribute scientific equipment here and there, leaving them to work and sending their results to Earth with electromagnetic waves. And the flag of the United States is stuck in the moon. And another thing, perhaps even greater danger, is collecting pounds of samples from the moon’s soil and stone, which they carry for analysis in Earth laboratories.

(Ascending onto the surface of the moon: The lunar module that had landed on the moon is seen in the picture ascending over the surface of the moon, according to the Apollo 11 programme. It carried the two astronauts Armstrong and Aldrin, to join the command module that continued to orbit around the moon, with the astronaut in it. Michael Collins This was on July 21, 1969.
In the picture, the image of the Earth appeared, as if it were one of the faces of the moon, and it had been bisected. We cannot fail to say that this lunar module ascended with only its upper half from the surface of the moon and left the second, lower half on this surface in order to free itself from the need for it.)

(Astronaut Edwin Aldrin descending the lunar module ladder to the surface of the moon, almost folding it with his foot. This photo was taken by astronaut Armstrong while he was on the surface of the moon.)

(In the picture, the Apollo 11 astronaut, Edwin Aldrin, appears. He carried the bundle containing the seismic experiment devices, and carried in his left hand the laser reflector, in order to distribute them on the surface of the moon. The other astronaut, Neil R. Mustering, took this picture. They left these devices on the surface of the moon when they set off from the surface of the moon on July 21 to meet the third astronaut, Michael Collins, who remained in the command vehicle.

(Where the Apollo 11 lunar module landed: This is a view that the astronauts saw from the lunar module, while it was still attached to the command module, as they orbited together around the moon. The place where the module landed is in the picture, in the middle of the top, where darkness begins. And you see. The crater called Maslelyne Crater is on the far right from the bottom, while the Hypatia Rille (U.S.I.) is in the upper left middle, and directly to its left is the Miltke Crater. Both the Sidewinder Rille and the Diamondback Rille extend from left to right across the middle. This southwestern part of the Sea of ​​Tranquility is generally located on the western side of the moon.

(Astronaut Edwin Al-Darb walks on the surface of the moon near one of the legs of the lunar module during the Apollo 11 mission. This photo was taken by astronaut Armstrong. Note the clear footprints in the foreground of the photo)

(A picture of astronaut Edwin Aldrin standing next to the United States flag after it was smashed into the surface of the moon during the Apollo 11 mission. You can see the lunar module in front of the astronaut, and you can also see his footprints clearly visible in the foreground of the picture. The one who took the picture is the astronaut Armstrong.) .