عصرنا هذا عصر الصواريخ والالكترونيات والآلات الحاسبة معا .. كتاب في سبيل موسوعة علمية

Our era is the era of rockets, electronics and calculators together

We describe this era as the age of missiles. It is more true than this to describe it as the era of rockets, electronics, and computers together.

Technology played a great role in building missiles, but the electronics installed in these missiles gave them eyes. You send the missile, without guidance devices or trajectory control, and the missile goes in the air or in the water, blind. If it hits a target, thank God, and if it does not hit, then there is no blame on the blind person.

* (In reference to the electron, which is a small particle that is included in the structure of atoms, carrying a negative electrical charge, and it is what flows through the wires, so we realize that an electric current has flowed through them... Electrons have many properties that are studied and benefited from when they are separated from the electricity wires in which they flow. The electron is what He gave us radio, television, x-rays, electron microscopes, calculators, etc.)

The electronics determine for the missile the area in which it should travel. With electronics, we feel it if it is sharp. With electronics, the device issues by itself commands for the movements that take place in the missile that would correct what was disturbed in its path.

One of these devices is as if he aims his sight at the target, just as a man aims his eye while the target is moving and the missile is behind it. He will not escape from him until he meets him. It is a confluence of destruction.

There are two types of guidance devices, one with complete guidance, which senses an error on its own, and corrects it on its own. This is self-guidance, and is known as Inertial Guidance, as we have previously mentioned and repeated. There is another type in which specialized men are appointed, stationed in special centers on the ground. They monitor, count, and calculate, and realize the error, and from all these observations, they arrive at the type and amount of correction. Then they send their orders to the missile control devices, so they move according to what they want and to the extent they want.

All of these calculations must be completed in seconds. This is where calculators come in. It answers the most complex issues in the shortest time. Without these computers, it would not have been possible to track a missile on its path.

We increase these meanings in detail and say:

What is new, most important, and most dangerous about these missiles is the possibility of guiding them, leading them, and directing them until they land on the target they want.

When the missile is launched, it is launched as far as possible
The direction that leads to its goal, after calculating all the factors that will work in it. These factors consist of the rocket engine while it is working, then the Earth's gravity while the rocket engine is working and then it stops. The program that is fed to the guidance device in the missile missile includes:
The time during which the missile engine shuts down, as well as its location and after the missile engine stops working, are taken
Gravity works alone in the projectile, just as gravity works in a stone that you throw in the air and then it returns and falls to the ground.

But there is a wind that may blow and affect the course of the rocket. There is the missile body. It may not be symmetrical in shape about its axis, and therefore it tilts from side to side. Even the missile nozzle may not be completely symmetrical, so the gas comes out of it, causing it and the missile to tilt away from the path of the nozzle axis, which is at the same time the axis of the missile projectile.

(The major Russian missile, the Serag, which crosses continents, has a range of thousands of miles and carries an erogenous bomb to the enemies. It is one of the frightening missiles that leaves large areas of land bare of life and living things.)

All this tendency needs to be corrected before
Correction needs to be revealed and appreciated.

There are two ways to do this:

Automatic of Inertial Guidance method
The method of directing from the ground is as we mentioned.

As for the first method, it includes a reference in the missile that has a fixed direction and is not affected by the movement of the missile, and with it the trajectory is compared to the actually existing reality, so that the deviation is revealed if it has occurred. This detection is carried out by sensitive tools carried by the missile itself (Sensors), which these sensitive tools transmit to the calculators, which compare it with the drawn path and estimate the amount of deviation, if any. Then they send all of this to the tuning and linking machines, which move the rudders (which are in the nozzle of the missile’s combustion tank). ) to any of the four directions, thereby changing the direction of the rushing out gases, thus returning the missile to its correct path.

All of these tools and machines are present with the missile in complete self-guidance.

Some men on the ground may participate in the guidance, monitoring the movement of the missile, and they have some of these tools with them, such as computers and others, and then they send the commands of these computers to the machines that adjust the direction of the missile, by adjusting its rudders, and they are in the missile itself.

It is clear from all of this that the guidance relies on three things:
Technologies in its design, electronics, and computers in its guidance.

These three met in one era, and if one of them had failed, the missile would not have been this dangerous.

It remains to talk about the reference that is in the missile, that which determines the fixed direction that is not affected by movement, not even the movement of the missile itself.

It remains to talk about calculators, how to calculate.
It is calculated at a glance.

It remains to talk about the control and linkage machines that end up moving the rudders entering the gas nozzle.

But without this, the position is narrow, even if his knowledge is knowledge
It is accompanied by the pleasure of gratitude.

Let us give an example of the type of guidance we can take
Image posted on the next page. It is an image that shows a type of guidance that helps the missile meet the target it wants to destroy. This is an enemy plane in the sky. We fired radar beams at it, and it was reflected back to us, and we remained with the radar following it. We hit it with a missile, and we linked it to a beam from another radar that also bounced back to us. And from
From the radars, the information goes to the calculators, which estimate in the shortest time how much the missile must deviate in order to meet the plane. It sends the command by the amount of this deviation that the missile deviates to the wireless transmission box, and this transmits it to the guidance machines in the missile, so they move and obey. The missile meets the plane, explodes and takes it away.

A picture showing how the missile is guided by radar from the ground to the raiding aircraft.