أجهزة التوجيه وضبط حركة الصاروخ .. كتاب في سبيل موسوعة علمية .. الدكتور أحمد ذكي

Guidance devices and control of the missile movement

Here we enter into the most difficult aspects of the missile in terms of science and trickery.

The missile is launched in a calculated direction, despite the many factors operating in it, to reach a distant target. Some buffers are placed in it to balance the movement as much as possible. These include the fins mentioned previously. But there are also placed in it, in the part called (the brain of the missile), sensitive devices that sense everything that deviates the missile from its calculated orbit, and sense its magnitude, and they automatically give their orders to devices to control the course, and these influence the movement factors to the extent that corrects the direction.

This system is called Inertial Guidance. It all happens in the shell itself.

But guidance orders may come to the missile devices that correct the deviation that befell the march. They may come from men on the ground, who are in charge of monitoring the missile.

(An illustrative image only, explaining the connection between the guidance device, in the rocket projectile, and the rudder inside the nozzle from which the gas emerges rushing from the missile. In the upper picture, a white circle is part of the guidance device, in which you find its black guide deviated from the center of the circle to the left, evidence Deflection of the missile. To correct this, the rudder plates were deviated at nozzle C, to correct the direction of the exiting gas in the direction of the projectile. In the lower picture, the projectile returned to its balance. The field marshal returned to his place, and the rudders returned to their place and became straight.)

They send their orders to the repair agencies via wireless beams from the ground.

This type of guidance (exactly from afar) is called Long Distance Control.

From this it is clear that guidance consists of two parts: a section that looks at the trajectory, how steep the missile is from it, and a section that corrects.

- Missile rudder:

The ship's rudder, or its inhabitants, are one thing. It is the plate at the stern of the ship. If it is straight and anchored in the plane in which the ship's axis is along its length, the ship will move forward in a straight line. But if the navigator tilts his rudder to the right or left, the ship will move to the right or left.

And like a flying ship.
Like a ship, a plane, a missile.
Look at the rocket engine nozzle in the picture, where the hot combustion gas comes out rushing out. There you will find pages, which are the rudders. If they are straight, the gases come out straight, and the rocket runs straight in the same straightness. But if they tilt, the exiting gases tilt, then the rocket deviates in its path, a little or a lot.

These rudders are the first means of guidance devices in that the commands to correct the missile’s path if it is sharp are issued by the sensitive calculating devices to the devices that move the rudders in the required direction and to the required extent, to correct the situation.

We attach two drawings that show how the path became distorted, its imbalance appeared, and then it was corrected. In the second picture we see it when it was corrected.