التُّربين صانع الكهرباء .. كتاب في سبيل موسوعة علمية .. الدكتور أحمد ذكي

The turbine is the maker of electricity

The force that the wheel derives from running water did not reach the level required by industry moving towards progress at the beginning of the last century, and it did not extract from running water all of its strength that it could.

In 1823, the French Society for the Encouragement of National Industry announced a prize to be given to anyone who could improve the then common water wheels and increase the power they provided.

Nine years later, a young engineer fresh out of his university came forward to design a water wheel with a capacity equal to 50 horsepower, and with it he won the award.

It was called Fourneyron's Turbine, and the turbine is distinguished from the water wheel, which transmits the force of running water to the mill, pump, etc., by two things:

(a) The flowing water that moves the blades of the rotating wheel contains a closed space between itself and the rotating wheel, such that not a drop of running water passes by and misses the wheel until it has pushed its blades and given it its energy. This increases the efficiency of the turbine and increases its power output.

(A water wheel driven by water coming out with a strong rush from a nozzle. The wheel and the water are enclosed in a box. This wheel is called Pelton’s wheel, which is what he invented. It is useful for high watersheds whose amount of water is not large.)

(Left: A terpene known by the name of its inventor, Francis. It is similar to the Frenchman’s terpene
Verneron. In the drawing we see only the blades of the rotating wheel, with water descending from them after being pushed. As for the water, it enters it horizontally, directed by fixed vanes, of which you can see only one vane to the left in the drawing.

(b) The flowing water, before it reaches the blades of the rotating wheel and causes it to rotate, passes through fixed, curved blades that direct the stream of flowing water to collide with the blades of the rotating wheel. They have made these moving blades a curved shape, which is the opposite of the curvature of the directed blades, so that they take most of the water flowing towards them. From a movement. The last picture is of another terpene known as its creator, Francis. Others, after the Frenchman Verneron, innovated.
This resulted in many types of terpenes.
But interest in turbines did not intensify until the ninth decade of the last century, that is, in the eighties of the nineteenth century, when the need for power sources to produce electricity became apparent.

- Turbines in electricity production:

It is a common knowledge that every intellectual knows now that electricity is generated by generators known as electric generators, consisting of rings wrapped in wires known as coils. These are operated in a magnetic field resulting from a strong magnet, generating electricity in the wires that illuminate cities and supply factories and others with electricity, and from electricity all other energies are derived.

Producing electricity requires power to manage these coils. It had terpenes.

The turbine axes turn the axes of the coils in the electric generators, producing electricity.
Hence the danger of terpenes in the modern era. Hence the danger of water-driven turbines
Where there are watersheds managed by it.

- Electricity and dams:

Here, we cannot help but add a word about the dams that humans build to retain water at high levels, so that it flows down, meets the turbine blades and turns them, and these turn the generators to produce electricity.

Today, there is no nation that has the possibility of constructing dams to retain water flowing from above, or to produce electricity, that has seized the opportunity to do so.

The United States produces half a trillion kilowatt-hours of electricity per year, about a quarter of which comes from waterfalls.

Likewise, Canada, Norway, Russia, and others did so.
Finally, Egypt from its High Dam.

There are still huge possibilities in the world to benefit from dams and watersheds to make electricity.

Waterfalls are renewed over the years and do not perish. The credit for this is due, among other things, to terpenes.

Today's engineers are still improving it and producing hydroelectric plants that continue to impress scientists.

* Turbine is a French word of Latin origin that means “to wrap something around itself,” like a bee that a boy plays with. This water wheel does this by rotating it around its axis a large number of times per minute. It is permissible to call the terpenes wind. Among the pioneers of scientific terminology is one who feminineizes it and says: turbinah. So it is fascia.
But the name terpene is very common among engineers today.