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Research meeting with research...petroleum chemicals

Research meets research

Continuing to describe how the door to petroleum opened and led to petroleum chemicals, we say that organic chemistry research was being conducted at that time in various ways.

Among these studies is research related, not to the saturated organic compounds that make up petroleum, which were previously mentioned, but to compounds closely similar to them, known as olefin compounds.

By them we mean compounds that consist of carbon and hydrogen, such as the paraphenic compounds we mentioned (methane, ethane, propane, butane, etc.), but by subtracting the hydrogen atoms from them.

Perphenic compounds are fully saturated, for example ethane.
It has been mentioned before.
But if we subtract two hydrogen atoms from it, it becomes like this:

This compound is known as ethylene, and it is an unsaturated compound. So he seeks satisfaction. So he is asking for union with something. So it is a compound with chemical activity. We may add water to it, under special chemical conditions (water has one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms), resulting in the saturated compound:

And this is alcohol, which drinkers binge on
Liquor.

This is what chemistry is like: Give me atoms, or give me molecules of compounds, or give me fragments of molecules after you have destroyed them, and I will create for you, chemically, whatever materials can emerge from them. I may make honey for you from coal, and I may make poison for you from the antidote.
And the antidote to poison.

The compounds of life, the organic compounds, are all composed mainly of carbon atoms, hydrogen atoms, and oxygen atoms, and they may also include nitrogen atoms. Honey atoms are like cotton atoms and starch atoms, but the numbers of atoms are different, the shapes of atoms and the organization of atoms are different, so they are different bodies.

Methane was the first of the paraffinic sequences.
Ethylene became the first of the millennium series
Olefines. The second is propylene, which is propane after subtracting two hydrogen atoms from it.
and so on .

We may subtract two pairs of adrogen atoms, and the phenyl comes out with four free lattices, thus being more active in the chemical reaction. Example:

It is butadiene. It is made of butane after subtracting the four atoms of hydrogen.

By extracting these unsaturated materials, which are the most chemically active, the beginnings of the era of petroleum chemicals began.
In about the year 1935, chemists were able to add water to all of these alpha compounds, that is, adding an oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms, and from each they obtained the alcohol that corresponds to it. Like the example we mentioned previously.

This was the first major step in ushering in the new era.

(There is no harm in mentioning here that chemists created synthetic rubber from this compound of butadiene, which we mentioned, but after this time.)

Pursuit was inevitable:

Research follows each other and pushes each other.
These researches that we just mentioned were aided, mixed, and combined with the research on destroying petroleum crude that was mentioned previously.

(This umbrella is made of nylon, which in turn is made from petroleum chemicals. Nylon is strong, light, and flexible, and these are qualities that qualify it for the services it is used in.)

By breaking down the petroleum crude, it produced, in addition to what was previously mentioned, unsaturated and active phenic compounds, which helped speed up the synthesis of many of its chemical compounds.

These unsaturated alpha compounds are rarely found in petroleum crudes. Its departure from destroying heavy oil trains opened a new door for chemists.

Chemists thus increased their trend and turned to this great source, petroleum, shale oil. They turned to it in search of chemicals from which they could start new industries, which were unknown, or known but impossible, due to the impossibility of obtaining their raw materials: the active organic chemical compounds from which they could start.

Petroleum consists of compounds that are in themselves elementary, and in themselves they are simple and their composition is not very complicated. Chains that are flat, or that are branched and saturated, or small, fully saturated rings. Some of them are incomplete. Chemists entered this field like a carpenter enters a wood store. It has long woods, short woods, and thick woods. The carpenter wants to make boxes, baskets, chairs, tables, and anything more complicated than that. How easy it is to transform these lengths into angles, into squares, into cubes, into things held together with a nail, or held together with glue.

Petroleum is very abundant in quantity, and it is simple. Chemical science is abundant in removing atoms from their compounds to become unsaturated. It involves adding atoms to unsatisfied compounds. It involves joining the ends of long chains to become rings, and dismantling the rings to become chains of atoms. In which these chains are broken to give rise to the millennium.

The chemist entered this large storehouse, with his abundant knowledge, and his knowledge increasing over time, and he derived from rock oil, from its mixtures, both light and heavy, primary organic chemical compounds, which we called petroleum chemicals, from which he then manufactured what had never occurred to human beings.

There is a game for boys known as Meccano. It's a box
It contains dozens of metal pieces of various shapes, lengths, and widths, from which the boy tries to make a ladder to raise on a wall, or a bridge to pass over a canal, or a barn inhabited by cows. And all these things he makes from these elementary parts. The result varies depending on the parts chosen and their composition.

This is how the chemicals are in the petroleum depot.