أنزيمات جدران المعاء الدقيق .. جهاز الهضم في جسم الانسان .. كتاب في سبيل موسوعة علمية

Small intestinal wall enzymes

These are enzymes that are made in these walls, and some of these enzymes complete the dissolution of a protein that has not previously been completely dissolved. Or the disaccharides of cane sugar, milk sugar, and barley sugar, which dissolve them into simpler sugars such as glucose (grape sugar) and the like. Including those that dissolve fats.

- Bile;

Bile is a yellowish-brown liquid that is made by the liver, stored by the bile vesicle, and emptied into the duodenum, where pancreatic secretion is emptied. The liver secretes 400 to 800 centimeters of it per day, 98% of which is water and 2% of solids, the most important of which in terms of digestion are two organic salts, whose function is to emulsify the fat that they throw into the intestine, and thus it is easily dissolved by intestinal enzymes into glycerin and absorbable organic acids.
The liver never supplies the digestive system with enzymes for digestion.

- The danger of the small intestine in digestion:

It is clear from all of this that the small intestine has a great role in digestion, as we mentioned previously.

It is noted that the three fluids, coming from the pancreas
Or the acidity of food entering the intestine from the stomach. The enzymes in the intestinal wall, or the liver, have as much alkalinity as they are equivalent to in this intestine, and they work best in a neutral or alkaline liquid.

Also, let us not forget to say that food stays in this intestine from 3 hours to the next, pushed through it by that peristaltic movement that we previously described. It contracts in the digestive tube and runs along its length, followed by a second, third, and fourth. Although the issue of food absorption is not relevant now, in this present context there is no harm in saying that almost all of the digested food is absorbed by the small intestine, through about 5,000,000 hairs emerging from its walls that absorb the simplest
Sugars, amino acids, organic acids and glycerin. These are substances that must be dissolved in foods in order for them to be absorbed.

As for absorption in the mouth and esophagus, it can be considered zero. This is also said about the stomach, except with regard to alcohol, as it absorbs between 30 and 40 percent of what is drunk, and what remains is absorbed in the intestines. This is the reason why the drinker is quickly affected by alcoholic beverages if he drinks them on an empty stomach.
Most of the water is absorbed by the large intestine

- Large intestine:

It is a tube about 5 feet long. It is also called the colon. It consists of three parts: the colon.
Ascending colon, transverse colon, and descending colon.

The small intestine pours the food it has emptied into the ascending colon, in the lowest part of it, which is called the cecum. At the end of the cecum is the appendix, about 4 inches long and less than the thickness of the pinky finger.

The one-eyed was given this name, a translation of the word Al-Afranji, meaning the blind or the one-eyed, because this part of the large intestine, the one-eyed, is blocked at the bottom.

We ascend with the ascending colon, on the right side of the abdomen, to the side of the liver, and then the colon bends and becomes horizontal, and then it is called the transverse colon, and this fold is called the hepatic flexure because of its location. If the transverse colon reaches the side near the left liver of the body, it bends downward and becomes the colon. Bearish
The fold is called the splenic flexure. The lower end of the descending colon is shaped like the letter S as it empties into the pelvis.

Then comes the rectum, which is the last thing in the digestive canal. It faces downward and leans backwards, and is then called the anal canal.

When the large intestine begins and connects with the small intestine, the entrance is guarded by a constrictor annular muscle, which splits and opens according to need. Likewise, in the stomach there are two annular muscles, the first enters involuntarily, and the other exits voluntarily and is controlled by the person.

A comprehensive system of these annular muscles, the constrictor or sphincter, as some call them. We found it when the esophagus connects to the stomach, and the stomach connects to the small intestine. Guard doors open and close according to the needs of the ongoing digestive processes.

There are no enzymes secreted in the colon, because they are not needed after the food has been digested. Rather, the colon secretes a lot of mucus to lubricate waste and facilitate its passage.

The colon receives the fluid remains of food, and it rises
By absorbing more water.

Food remains stay there for longer than in any other part of the digestive system, as they may take 24 hours to pass through.

There is a peristaltic movement in the large intestine, like what we described in the small intestine, which helps food remains move forward.

When a person eats and his stomach is full, a strong movement occurs in the colon caused by this peristaltic movement. This movement is concentrated in the ascending colon, so the wave flows through it, one fist in the muscle, followed by one fist, then another. These are fists that push waste into the descending colon. Even if it reaches the rectum, it is vomiting, otherwise it is constipation.

Constipation is caused by stagnation in the descending colon
A significant increase in water absorption in the colon, or prolonged retention of waste in the colon

Or perhaps it is poor choice of foods, or excessive use of laxatives, or it is neglecting nature’s response when it demands. Sometimes it is due to a contracted colon.