الارادة والانفعال ، نظرية ( ووندت ) و ( رينيانو ) .. العوامل النفسية .. حقيقة الإرادة

Will and emotion, the theory of (Wundt) and (Regnano)... psychological factors.. the reality of will.

2 - Will and emotion, the theory of (Wundt) and (Regnano).
Will is a form of sensitivity.

Wundt claimed that all emotional states, especially the negative ones, are dissolved into movements, and that these movements sometimes lead to the cessation and disappearance of the negative state. When the contradictory situation disappears, the will appears. Therefore, the will surrounds all psychological life, and it is very weak in animals, but in humans it becomes complex and grows, transforming from a simple will (Will) to the power of election (Willkur), but this change does not change its essence, as there is no will without emotion, and there is no effect of perception in Discussion and narration except through psychological emotions.

But (Rignano) adds another interpretation to the emotional theory, and says: Will does not exist except where emotional tendencies conflict, and future tendencies overcome present tendencies, and will is nothing but a real emotional tendency that leads a person to action, and prevents the influence of other tendencies, due to the breadth of its scope and its continuity. And its strength. The thirsty person who drinks water, while he is panting from extreme heat and fatigue, submits to his present tendency, without his action having anything to do with volition, but the one who cares about his health, and prevents himself from drinking cold water despite his extreme thirst, is performing a true voluntary action (1).

Discussion . There is no doubt that will is accompanied by many emotional states, but it is not, as Wundt claimed, a form of sensitivity and emotion, because emotional life is the least organized of the phenomena of psychological life, and the weakest in order and coordination. Sensitive temperaments are the weakest temperaments in terms of willpower. Therefore, Blondel distinguished between two types of emotions: the first type includes desires, sensual passions, and physical desires, and the second type includes high emotions generated from a sense of moral and social duties. The status of this second type is higher than that of the first type.

Regnano was right when he said: The will is based on the conflict of inclinations and the conflict of inclinations. However, his explanation for this conflict takes us away from understanding the truth of discussion and narration, and leads us into the similarity that the emotional theory of attention has led us into (2). The will does not arise from the conflict of inclinations, because this conflict only generates hesitation. It does not arise from submission to inclinations, because this submission does not include any effort or any forethought. The will, then, is neither conflict nor submission, but rather it is a synthetic aspect that prevents submission to inclinations and ends the conflict between inclinations.