النتيجة .. حقيقة العادة من الوجهة الحيوية والنفسية .. كتاب علم النَّفس جميل صَليبا

The result...the reality of the habit from a biological and psychological point of view

C - Result

Now, after discussing these theories, we should limit the reality of habit to the following two caveats:

1 - Habit from a biological standpoint.
Habits, from a biological standpoint, have a profound unity, and the curve of acquisition of habits, whatever their type, does not differ from the curve of biological adaptation, just as the law of maturity does not differ depending on habits.

This results in:

A - The habits that Min Doberin called passive habits do not exist, because the vital habit itself requires some effectiveness, and without this effectiveness, adaptation would not have occurred. The living body adapts to high levels by increasing its red cells, and resists toxins by creating anti-toxins. Moreover, immunity itself is a set of phenomena indicating the effectiveness of organic cells. There is a close connection between vital habits and effective habits, and the first vital repercussions bring about a change in general behavior. (Biron) said: (I threw parts of the germs in front of some of the mycorrhizal animals, and they surrounded them first and then pushed them away, but when I repeated the experiment, these mycorrhizal animals refused to approach them. Likewise, the white blood cells approach the germs and surround them at first, but after repeating the experiment they are excreted. It contains some dissolved substances, and one of the distinguishing characteristics of high habits is the intervention of the brain and the nervous system. The scientists of our time explain motor habits in the manner of (Descartes), and say that the sticky current carves a path for itself in the nerve pathways, and that this path is based on the adaptation of nerve cells and their communication. each other.

B - Modern scientists also believe that the primary reflexes of living cells and the adaptations of nerve cells arise from a physico-chemical mechanism. Therefore, for them, there is no difference between life, matter, and energy. If habit results from these cellular reflexes, it can be dissolved, like life, into physical and chemical mechanisms. Scientists have found many similarities between habit and physical and chemical phenomena. Living matter is a colloidal substance, and one of the properties of the colloidal substance is that it is composed of atomic groups called huge atoms (micelles) that are suitable for acquiring habits, so it can withstand increasing amounts of electrolytic fluids (electrolytes), even though exposure to these amounts at once may cause their dissolution, but the persistence of The past in the present appears not only in soft objects, but also in solid objects. A piece of iron dipped in strong nitric acid easily resists mild nitric acid, even though if it had been placed in mild nitric acid first, it would not have been able to resist it. Scientists have shown that autocatalyse in chemistry, the phenomenon of hysterosis in physics, and some mechanical phenomena (an engine breaking or stopping) draw curves similar to the curves of habit acquisition.

2- Habit from a psychological point of view.
- Habits do not differ from each other from the psychological point of view, because there is no difference in their essential qualities between animals and humans, such as the past remaining in the present, its repetition as it is, and the disappearance of feeling from the action after complete adaptation. Habit, then, is one of the states of conservative effectiveness that we mentioned in the study of instinct. We have seen that it is formed like a lesson by repeating exercises and correcting mistakes.

However, the “automaticity” of habit is more inclined to freedom from the past, than the “automaticity” of instinct. Because it is (automatic) modern and acquired by the individual, while (automatic) instinct is ancient. We have seen that this mechanism leads to the elimination of invalid reflexes and unhelpful movements, so it may liberate us somewhat from the constraints of the past. In addition to that, usually, in addition to conservative activity, there is a second activity that scholars call the effectiveness of selection, and it does not preserve from the past. Except what was useful, and only what was left of it was compatible with the necessities of work.

Finally, this selection is subject to the influence of reason in humans. The influence of the mind on instinct is small, but its influence in habit is very great. It saves the beginner the trouble of corrupt repetition, facilitates his familiarization with the present, and makes him devote himself to acquiring new things. The habits that a person acquires are not just simple habits, because mechanical selection turns into voluntary selection for him.