الحياة الفاعلة .. أثر الحركات في الحياة النفسية .. كتاب علم النَّفس جميل صَليبا

Active life...the effect of movements on psychological life

Active life

Entrance

movements

The effect of movements on psychological life.

Movements play a very important role in psychological life. That is why Ribot said: The fleshy movement on which feeling is engraved is visible (1), and we have seen previously that states of external perception, agitation, attention, and judgment are always accompanied by movement. It is true that psychologists have shown that confusion of movements often accompanies confusion of thought.

The best example that indicates the connection between movement and thought is the action of imaginative movement (Action idéo motrice), which is an action that directly follows perception. For example, seeing one of the objects is sufficient in cases of mental stupor to generate the movement corresponding to it. If, for example, you see a speck of dust on your sleeve, you move it with an automatic movement, and the movement follows the feeling, as well as the perception of the perceived or imagined movement, it always leads to generating that movement, or is, as was said, the beginning of its implementation. An example of this is the Chevreul experiment, or the psychological induction experiment.
Induction psycho-motride conducted by Farah on nervous patients using a dynamometer. (Figure - 58).

1 - Ribot, The view is inconsciente and the movement, p. 3.

(2) Chevroul’s experiment: If you attach a pendulum to one of the fingers of your fixed hand, you will see that your thinking about moving the pendulum to one of the possible directions creates that movement, and if you follow this movement with your eyes, its scope increases in breadth. Perception therefore increases the intensity of our previous perceptions when it joins them. .

(Figure - 58) Psychomotor agitation

If you put a dynamometer stick in someone's hand and ask him to squeeze it, then move your hand in front of him, you will find that the force of his pressing the dynamometer increases by observing the movement, until its increase reaches a third or half of what it was. It is the vision of movement that causes this increase.

We can also use visual motor action to explain the spinning (1), the turning of the table (2), and the reading of minds, as in the Cumberland experiments.

The idea is not the cause of movement in the conceptual motor act, but rather it is part of the physiology of that movement itself, because it is taking place in the muscles and is prepared within the motor nerve centers. We do not know how the idea separate from the body can move the muscles. The unconscious state, as it is an emotional state, does not turn into action, but rather what turns into action is the physiological state corresponding to it. When studying the conditional reflex, we will mention some examples that show us how perception turns into action.

(1) Dizziness here arises from fear of the movement that is imagined to occur.
(2) The rotation here arises from the subconscious movements that those present move to the table under the influence of the experimenter.
(3) Mind reading is based on the interpretation of muscle movements and facial features that the experimenter sees appearing on the person. The experimenter grips the person’s hand and deduces from his hand movements the location of the hidden thing that he is thinking about. Gley studied these movements after recording them with the Marey device, and it became clear to him that the subconscious hand movements increase in intensity when the experimenter approaches the hidden object. It may slow down or go away when you feel the thing.