الخطور والنسيان .. الذاكرة .. كتاب علم النَّفس جميل صَليبا

Danger and forgetfulness... memory

Danger and forgetfulness

The danger of a matter in the mind is remembering it after forgetting it, recalling what was past, and bringing it to life, so that what is potentially present becomes actually present.
Memory, as you saw, is somewhat similar to habit. If it completes its action, memories come to mind, and if an obstacle prevents it from performing its action, forgetfulness occurs.

1 - Danger and its psychological mechanism

Memories come to mind as a result of the association of thoughts, either automatically or contemplatively.
1 - Spontaneous danger or remembrance (2): The memory may return to the scene of feeling without being prepared to return to it with apparent reasons that evoke it, so its presence is due to unknown organic causes, and in that case it is called free memories, but the danger of memories to the mind in this free form does not occur. Except in some cases of mental degeneration. As for natural situations, their danger follows a special system and a fixed law, so the memories are sequenced, and follow one another according to their occasion, their relevancy, their attractiveness, the longing and interest of their owner, and the preoccupations of his thought.
2 - Voluntary danger or remembrance: which is when voluntary attention poses a question to the memory asking it to show it a forgotten name, a date, or a lost thing, so the memory presents to the mind the things it has memorized, and brings to it the images it has hidden, and the mind selects a memory from it. Correct, and this voluntary bringing is only achieved through acquired association.

Voluntary stepping (or remembering) requires:

1 - Punitive Remembrance: Because a person does not deceive himself to recover what he has learned from matters unless he... It has an effect on him, as he remembers the thing even if he forgets its name, and he knows the event even if he has forgotten its history. It is as if he feels the emptiness that forgetfulness has created in himself, and it is an effective emptiness, except that he (Pascal) said in this sense: (If you had not found me, you would not have searched for me. This search includes an incomplete piece that wants to become complete, and that brings its parts together. Therefore it was said that
The law of summation, that is, the law of the return of the emotional sum (Loi de rédintegration), has an effect on remembering, but the sum intended here is the voluntary sum subject to effort and attention (1).
B - Remembering: Remembering is subject to verbal power because the mind deletes false memories and chooses true memories, and this is only achieved through knowledge, comparison, and judgement. This indicates that memory (voluntary risk) only exists in humans, because it requires inference and analogy from the mental faculties of which animals are thought to be devoid. Provided that the will’s control over dangers, or bringing them up, may delay remembering and make obtaining memories impossible in cases of intense attention. The best way to overcome this situation is for a person to take a moment of time away from the matter he wants to bring up, and distract from it with another matter, so the images return to Her natural course, and she attends the memory on her own without voluntary effort.

2- Forgetting

Memory was an absolute and completely coherent power that would make it impossible for it to forget, and it would be unsuitable for thinking, because if it brings up the minutest matters, and recalls all their parts, these parts will be distracted from relating the meanings to each other. This is contrary to the conditions of thinking, because thinking requires brevity and confinement to the most important and simple, and ignoring affixes, and perhaps forgetting is one of the virtues of memory, because if a person were forced to memorize everything, his brain vesicles would become tired, his ability to absorb them would be exhausted, and he would become unable to acquire new things, so he must Something disappears from the mind and something remains in it, and were it not for forgetfulness, sadness would remain in the soul for what it was at the time of separation, and a person would not be patient with what happened to him, and therefore it is better for the memory to be possessed by women. Reasons for forgetting: The law of life explains to us the reasons for forgetting, because life requires proportionality and consistency in representation, renewal, and deletion.
One of the organic causes of forgetting is the destruction of old neural pathways and the creation of new ones in their place. The intensity of sticky cohesion is limited. This indicates the effect of time on forgetting. One of the psychological causes of forgetting is the effect of attention and interest. Attention helps in gaining and preserving, just as it helps in forgetting, because the soul does not care about the conversation except to neglect something of the old stored in the clipboard, and whenever memories return to the soul, our interest in them changes, and some of them diminish, part by part, and attention continues to filter out strays of images, until they disappear. Some of them, and forgetfulness lowers its veil over what we do not care about.

Freud believes that the issue of forgetting is more difficult and deeper than the issue of remembering, because things that we think we have forgotten a long time ago may suddenly return to memory. Humans have a natural tendency to forget contradictory matters. Forgetting is the aversion to remembering some things that arouse a painful emotion in our souls. Therefore, there are unknown factors that the soul does not acknowledge. We forget the name of the person we don't like, and we forget the location of the thing we want to lose. Some patients forget, when they see a doctor, to tell him that their parents died of tuberculosis. If the lover forgets the date of the meeting, this is evidence of the decline of his love. Emotional life, like military life, does not excuse forgetting. You see that Freud's opinions, despite their exaggeration, contain many honest observations, and they prove that our inclinations and tendencies have a profound effect on our memory.

2 - The mechanism of forgetting: The disappearance of memories is like the disappearance of habits:

1 - The use or non-use of memories has an effect on forgetting. Because it strengthens or weakens its stability. The stronger it is fixed, the slower it is to be forgotten. Accordingly, forgetting has two laws:
A - Forgetting neglected images occurs gradually from the past to the present, because the best-established ones are the most recent ones. Accordingly, a person remembers modern matters better than he remembers ancient matters. This law is called the law of natural coherence.
B - Forgetting used images is the opposite of the first, by returning from the present to the past (repo), so a person forgets the near before the far, because repeating images gives them strength of cohesion and cohesion, and makes old memories better established and more ingrained in the soul than modern memories. Accordingly, a person forgets foreign languages ​​before his native language, and he forgets proper nouns before general nouns, and general nouns before verbs, and for this reason also the memories of his childhood days were the last thing that the elders would forget.

2 - Voluntary forgetting is accomplished by replacing some memories with others, or by dropping them directly. This is done by the person, by the force of his will, cutting off everything that connected him to the past, so he changes his place of residence, or enjoys tourism for visits, visits, or some work.

The mechanism of danger and forgetting indicates that the influence of memory on rational life is greater than the influence of thoughts, because the mental image differs from the memory as the simple differs from the complex.
Forgetting does not mean the loss of memories and their complete disappearance from the soul, but rather the absence of images from the arena of feeling. Our lack of awareness of the psychological image does not indicate its loss, because the absence of existence does not indicate the absence of existence, as if the psychological world is similar to the physical world, in which nothing is ever lost.