شروط اللذة والالم

شروط اللذة والالم

- Conditions of pleasure and pain

1 - Scientists do not differentiate between physical and psychological pleasures and pains except according to the conditions specific to some of them, because their basic nature is one, so the conditions for the pleasure of reward do not differ from the conditions for the pleasure of eating except in terms of clash and combination (1). Perhaps the illusion in their different natures arises from the difference between the clash of their conditions. Yes, the difference is great between the complexity of the conditions for the pleasure of eating and the conditions for the pleasure of reward. However, if you contrast the pleasure of sounds and melodies with the pleasure of praising and praising and similar perceptions through hearing, you will find what is similar between them close, because the difference

We talked about the nature of pleasure and pain, and we said that pleasure is not only generated by the cessation of pain, but rather it is generated by its own causes, as well as pain. Is it permissible to research the conditions of pleasure and pain in a general manner before distinguishing between physical and psychological pleasures and pains? Is it reasonable for the pleasure of eating to be of the nature of the pleasure of reward and peace of conscience?

The complexity of its conditions is less.

2 - Both physical and psychological pleasures and pains have general conditions and special conditions that differentiate them. For example, physical pleasures and pains are dependent on the actions of the body and its mechanical functions, while spiritual pleasures and pains result from the action of psychological tendencies, and when we compare them to each other, we pay attention to these special conditions.

We neglect the general conditions - it follows from the above that there is no difference between physical and psychological pleasures and pains in comparison to the general conditions, nor in comparison to the laws of emotional life. The physical condition differs from the psychological condition in its emotional type, not in nature, and there is no difference in essence, as Ribot says (between the pain of despair or loss of hope that Michael Ang mentioned in his clips and the pain of pimples and boils 20)
Rather, the nature of each is the same as the nature of the other. We now remember some of these general physiological and psychological conditions that indicate that the physical nature of pleasures and pains does not differ from the psychological nature except in terms of emotional color and special characteristics.

- Physiological conditions

These physiological conditions are very important, because they are external and tangible, and they are closer to scientific research than internal psychological conditions.

Moderation 10 - Among these conditions is what compares pleasures and pains to the general changes that occur in the nervous system. It remains mysterious to this day, because scholars still disagree about it. Some of them decide that there is a feeling. A special thing called the sense of pain. Some of them deny this and attribute the occurrence of pain to the severity of the impact of the sensory nerves on the whole (feathers). That is, until the nerves are affected beyond measure. We will return to this research when talking about the senses. Some of them state that pleasures and pains arise from the influence of the spinal cord, especially the medulla oblongata, as it plays an important role in emotional life. As for the brain or the squirrel essence located on its surface, it has little function in causing emotions, because it is the center of high mental actions. Mood and internal secretions, as I have seen, have an effect on tendencies, inclinations, and irritations.

2 - Among the general conditions is the difference in strength and energy according to the difference in pleasure and pain. An appropriate condition generates strength and increases physical and mental effectiveness. The incompatible state diminishes the life forces and causes their degradation. Fere proved, through his experiments measuring force, that force increases with pleasure and decreases with pain. However, these important experiments have not yet proven this to be true (1)

Except in its general outlines. This will become clear to you after reading the following paragraphs

3 - Experience has shown that suitable conditions are associated with an increase in organic exchanges.

Pleasure strengthens blood circulation in the body in general, and in the head in particular, leading to an increase in the shine of the eyes and an intensification of the contraction and contraction of the heart. As for pain, it delays blood circulation, decreases the number of heartbeats, and may even lead, in some extreme cases, to fainting. Pleasure strengthens breathing and raises body temperature, while pain decreases it, so the whiffs of charcoal gas spreading in exhalation decrease and body temperature weakens (1).

(T)

(B)

(c)

(Figure 14) Some graphic lines indicating changes in breathing

- Normal breathing: 15 times per minute. B - Breathing during pleasure: 17 times per minute. C - Breathing in sadness: 4 times per minute (quoted by Du Mas)

Pleasure increases the strength of digestion, enabling every part of the body to receive nutrition, and it also helps the entire body to maintain its health. It has been said that pleasure is nourishment for the soul, because it helps in digestion and thus preserves it

Youth, prolongs life (Lange).

In contrast to that pain, it weakens the desire to eat, prevents secretion, delays the act of digestion, and spoils nutrition. A person's hair often turns gray due to the horror of severe calamities, because the severity of the pain prevents the parts of the body from obtaining their natural nourishment. Experiments have shown that these results arise from chemical causes. Pain changes the composition of the blood, poisoning it through poor nutrition and the absorption of substances that were not digested well. This may generate local or general toxins that cause a predisposition to disease, as they act as yeasts that help in the breeding of epidemic germs. Lehman's experiments (1) also indicated that appropriate conditions lead to an increase in the pulse, an increase in the size of the forearm, and an expansion of the chest during breathing. Unlike pain, it leads to the opposite of these results.

(Figure 15) Pulse chart

- Pulse in passive sadness, B - Pulse in active sadness,

C - Pulsing with pleasure

B

(Quoted from Dumas)

Pleasures and pains are accompanied by a change in movements. Pleasure increases movement

And the pain is missing. Whoever is pleased with something laughs, sings, and screams, it is true that he resembles a drunkard in his orgy, and it was said about the chemist (Dowie) that he danced in his laboratory when he detected potassium, and it caused joy (Archimedes) to come out of the bathroom naked. As for pain, it manifests itself in two different phenomena: it is either emotional or emotional. Or it can be active, and if it is passive, then its owner is motionless and inactive, as if his body is worn out with worry, weakness, and distress. And if it is active, then its owner is a lot of movement, spasm, and contraction, and is extremely trembling, shaking, and shivering. He raises his voice, tears his pockets, and breaks whatever falls on him. He wants, and this becomes a kind of extravagance

As a result, the person becomes poor, weak-willed, and exhausted