اللاشعور في مبدأ الحياة النفسية

اللاشعور في مبدأ الحياة النفسية

1 - The unconscious in the principle of psychological life: - There are conditions in the principle of psychological life that indicate the influence of the unconscious, because the child does not differentiate at this stage between the ego and the non-ego, and does not distinguish his personality from the sensation, so the presence of a thing does not go beyond the feeling that indicates it, and there is no difference for him. Between what exists and what is sensed, as if there is a subjective unity between the perceived person and the perceived thing. Maine Duperan called this state pure affectivité or simple affect, and it is the condition of all those who have not achieved a complete sense of their personality and are unable to resist the influence of the outside world on them. The best depiction of this state is their saying: It is a state of stagnation, lethargy, and numbness, from which the effect disappears after it occurs, without it being united with anything else and merging into a complete, cohesive personality. This state is similar to the state of feeling

The rapid onset of forgetfulness is therefore an unconscious state.

This condition is not specific to children, but adults may also experience it in dreams and fainting.

Rousseau once fell on his head and fainted. He described his condition:

I returned to myself and found myself at that moment in a state so strange that I must describe it here.

The night began to approach me, and I saw the sky, some stars, and a little greenery. This first feeling was sweet, and I did not perceive myself except from that side. At that moment, I was like someone who was born again, and it appeared to me that I was the light of all the things that I saw, so I was completely focused on This present moment, I did not remember anything of what had happened to me. I had the clear image of my person in sight. I did not know what I was, who I was, or where I was. I did not feel pain or fear in the hope of my presence.

Not with anxiety, and my blood was flowing in front of me like the water of a stream, so it never occurred to me that it was. My blood

These simple emotions have a great impact on our psychological life, to the point that Maine de Biran has shown:

From a square, he does not know a simple emotion. Man has it only after it appears. How often has man succumbed to the factors of arrogance, vanity, and self-love. Without realizing it, how profound is the analysis of these hidden factors by La Rochefoux, Pascal, and other moral philosophers. Our irritations, whims, and inclinations are connected to our past and related to our mood. Sometimes days pass us by filled with pleasure, and at other times we feel burdened by every pleasant thing, and detest every beautiful thing. If we analyzed the causes of our happiness and sadness, we would not find a reasonable cause for them (2). It has been said that: (Pessimism arises from the stomach.)

It has a great influence on the formation of the ego (1), because the soul preserves it in the subconscious. And the rays of tendencies are woven from it. Man thinks that he has forgotten it, but it remains behind the curtain, influencing his behavior and conditioning his natural inclinations, his instinctive fears, and his tendencies that cannot be clarified by experience.

An acquired habit

- The subconscious is the source of emotions and desires: - Intense emotions are often generated

And the viscera, not about thinking about life (3))

Just as there are hidden irritations in the soul, so there are subconscious tendencies in it. We do not know the reasons for our sympathy and aversion, just as we do not know the reasons for our love and hatred. Were it not for the people who watch us and pay attention to us, we would not know anything about it. When the tendency is born, it is shy, hesitant, and unknown to its owner. However, it soon takes over the entire soul and becomes a worshiped, controlling god. Novelists have often described the birth of passion in the heart of the lover, who is ignorant. with it. (4) Racine was at first unaware of the birth of passion in her heart, (Paul) and (Virginie) loved her intense love for a simple friendship, (Jocelin) also made a mistake in interpreting his love, and (Natasha) Tolstoy represents the innocence and strength of love. From (5), all of this indicates that the lover does not feel the reality of what it entails

(1) See (Main du Biran ( Essai sur les fondements de la Psychologie) part

2 0 p. 12, from the Tavel edition.

(2) Subconscious reasons have a great impact on generating pleasure, as a person is often happy and sad without an apparent reason, so his sadness and happiness increase according to some hidden factors, and are reduced by the influence of habit.

(3) See (Bodin), Psychology Book, H Edition, p. 114 (4) Racine. Novel - Destiny - Fhedre.

(0) In the novel L'idiot by the Russian writer Dostoievsky, there is a beautiful description of this -

All apparent causes change and change, but they are in Himself. Emotions may turn to their opposite without a person realizing the reasons for that. Friendship turns to enmity, love turns to hatred, kindness turns to aversion, and the sad becomes careless about his beliefs. These changes may be emergent. Mostly related to subconscious reasons. Disappointment in a person’s life is an effect that changes his inclinations and beliefs without him knowing the reason for that. B - The subconscious in mental life.

In mental life there are many examples that indicate the influence of the unconscious, because intellectual states are not...

All clear.

1 - The subconscious in perception. Perception is not a simple mental phenomenon, but rather the result of several mental actions. Some characteristics of perception are explained by physiological reasons, as I saw previously, but a large portion of them are explained only by subconscious reasons. Distance, for example, can only be estimated by subconscious inference that includes a comparison between the actual size of an object and its apparent size, a look at the number of objects separating us from it, and recalling the memory of our past experiences. And so

Subconscious inferences have an impact on perception. - The subconscious in memory: - Do you preserve memories after they are absent from the field of feeling?

We will answer this question when researching memory, and we will now limit ourselves to saying: Forgetting memories does not cause them to disappear from the soul, but rather leaves them hidden behind the feeling. It does not return except to complete the present realization. The danger of memories in the mind often arises from subconscious reasons, and therefore the best way to recall a name that is difficult for us to remember is to turn away from it. If we turn away from it, a spontaneous eruption emerges from the depths of the subconscious, as if it were the subconscious mind.

He prepared it for us while we were unaware of it.

- The subconscious in the association of ideas: - A person often moves from one idea to another mechanically, without realizing the intermediate ideas that led him to it. Habni.

The situation is that the hero of the novel - Moyshkin - thinks that he should not love Nastasya Filippovna as his friend, but rather love her out of pity for her. Likewise, his boiler, despite her intense love for Prince Moyshkin, she cannot

She believes that she loves a crazy person like him.

I was thinking about (Henri Burgun) and suddenly I moved to thinking about (Tin). What is the unifying connection between these two names? If I analyzed my thoughts, I would find that I read in a book (by William James (11)) that the rule of (Tin) in gender, environment, and time does not apply. On the emergence of (Henri Bergson). I had then moved from (Henri Bergson) to (William James) the last to (Tin), and I did not feel the middle limit that led me from the first idea to the idea and from this last idea.

Another example: Hobbes once heard the name of Charles I, so he began to think about the value of the Roman dirham. After analyzing it, he realized that he did not move to this final point until he said to himself: The Scots sold Charles I, just as the Jews sold Christ for thirty dirhams. , the link between

The two edges are an invisible bond

Hamilton described this phenomenon and likened it to the mechanical movement that is transmitted to billiard balls placed on a straight line. He said, “What happens if we throw one of the balls and it hits the first ball at the head of the line? The movement of the thrown ball is not divided into the row of balls, and nothing happens.” This is not what we expected to happen before the experiment. Rather, its movement is transferred to the ball on the other end, so all the intermediate balls pass without them moving (2). (2)

This is similar to the association of ideas, because the mind moves from the first idea to the last idea without being aware of the intermediate cycles that it passes through, so they are subconscious.

Stuart Mill and William James claimed that there is a sense of intermediate links,

However, it is a quick feeling followed by forgetfulness (Conscience rapide suivi d'oublie), for the intermediate boundaries through which we moved from the first idea to the last idea passed through an arena.

(1) William James, The Philosophy of Experience, p. 124

(2) Hamilton, quoted from (Stuart Mill): Hamilton’s Philosophy - p. 329, from the French translation)

3) See (Rostan), Philosophy Lessons, Volume 1, Psychology, p. 79.

The feeling, but its passage was quick and did not leave a trace on the soul, so it seemed to us that it was hidden, even though it was cases of a quick feeling followed by immediate forgetfulness.

There is no doubt that the explanation of (Mill) and (James) applies to many psychological cases. The quick feeling followed by forgetfulness is sometimes closer to the truth than absolute unconsciousness. But does this explanation spare us from the theory of the unconscious? Or is forgetfulness itself not evidence of the existence of

Subconscious life?