الحتمية في علم النفس

الحتمية في علم النفس


Determinism in psychology

All the phenomena of nature are subject to a fixed system, with no coincidence or agreement. Rather, they are restricted by general laws. If we know these laws, we can predict what will happen in the future. The principle of this system is natural adherence, natural progression, or determinism, which is that every precedent is followed by its successor under the same conditions, so no event appears or disappears unless its cause appears or disappears.

There is no science unless it relies on the principle of determinism to establish its laws. Just as physics, chemistry and physiology are based on the principle of determinism of nature. Psychology is also based on the principle. (Déterminisme Psychologique) aillirit!

There is no science unless it relies on the principle of determinism to establish its laws. Just as physics, chemistry and physiology are based on the principle of determinism of nature. Psychology is also based on the principle of psychological determinism (Determinism Psychologique).

This psychological determinism is similar to natural determinism because it links psychological phenomena to each other, in the same way that natural events are linked, and just as we can explain thoughts with physiological reasons, so we can explain them with psychological reasons. However, this psychological clarification differs from the physical clarification, and the reason for this is that determinism in the natural sciences requires that action be equivalent to reaction, and that the effect be equivalent to the cause. However, in psychology, the effect increases the cause and adds something new to it, because feeling is movement and growth. And an integrated life, and because in perception, for example, there is something that does not exist in sensation; We cannot fully explain the subsequent phenomenon with the previous phenomenon, because the subsequent phenomenon contains new elements joined to the old ones, as if there is a teleology controlling the changes of the soul, and as if all of psychological life is creativity.

Psychological determinism is also similar to physiological determinism, because the apparent life of the body and its various functions, such as digestion, blood circulation, reproduction, and respiration, indicate that there is a goal to be followed, and this goal is the preservation, survival, and growth of life.

Psychological determinism is then due to a teleological causality in which the phenomena of the soul are explained by their functions, and the functions by their cooperation and direction towards one goal.

1 - Some philosophers saw that this determinism is contrary to freedom. They said: It is not possible to combine freedom and determinism in psychology. If we accept determinism, we deny freedom, and vice versa.

2 - A little examination reveals the corruption of this opinion. This is because psychological determinism does not necessitate the invalidation of freedom, and because psychological freedom does not necessitate the invalidation of determinism, but rather requires the effect to be related to the cause, that is, the connection of all psychological phenomena to a universal cause. This universal cause is the ego. Psychological determinism is not therefore in contradiction to relative freedom, but rather it is in contradiction to absolute freedom, and the concept of absolute freedom, or freedom of choice, is a metaphysical concept, not a scientific concept.