دراسة آثار الفكر البشري

دراسة آثار الفكر البشري

Study of the effects of human thought

Study of the effects of human thought: - The effects indicate ideas, and the effects of human thought are language, literature, and fine arts.

Language is the best trace of thought indicative of the state of the soul, because it is, as Leibniz said: (the mirror of the soul. Let the analysis of the meanings of words be clearer and better than anything else in clarifying the actions of the mind. Because the study of the construction of speech, its derivation, with the parsing of its various forms, analysis of the phrase, etc. It contains logical rulings, along with an explanation of the development of meanings and terms. All of this leads us to the study of psychological conditions, as if words were psychologically determined and indicated the perceptions of the mind, and as if the development of language went hand in hand with the development of thought. Language, therefore, is a mirror of the human mind. Comparison between different languages ​​reveals about the patterns of perception attained by its authors, and it necessarily leads to an analysis of morals. Literature, arts, and sciences are the life of thoughts and emotions, and therefore they were

Its images are more evidence of the nature of the mind than other human monuments.

Among the effects that represent the life and effectiveness of human thought are the events of nations in the past and their change and revolution in the present. Wars, revolutions, and social conditions echo thoughts and emotions, and since every time has its own social conditions and psychological states, history is the best study for psychology, because it expands the field of research with the many facts and conditions it collects, making it easier for us to uncover its laws and helping us to determine the graph that it has drawn during its development.


3 - Cooperation of the internal and external methods

Let us take squares of paper that differ from each other only by their colors. Let's examine how people perceive it. We can reach this knowledge by following the subjective method and the objective method.


1 - In the subjective method, we first ask the person what colors he perceives, and our purpose with this question is to obtain his personal view. The normal people answer this question without error, and they call the colors by their names. As for the abnormal, they use the word red, for example, to mean red and green, or they use both the words red and green without distinguishing between the meaning of one of these two colors. Then we confirm with special experiments that the error in these answers does not result from the poverty of people’s dictionaries or from their weak attention. There is no doubt that they confuse red with green, but how do they see these two colors? What is their common characteristic in relation to their feelings? The words they use tell us nothing of that. Let the correct answers given to us by the normal people do not guarantee us that they see colors as we see them, but rather make us feel that they distinguish one from the other and nothing else.

2 - We can obtain the same results in an objective way. If we ask normal people to classify these colors instead of naming them, we find that they classify them correctly, and if we ask abnormal people to classify them, we find them mixing red and green and placing the green squares in a group of red squares. . It follows that the classification made by the person in this experiment leads us to the results indicated by his behavior

The reason for this is that man learned the language in his childhood, and he heard people calling tree leaves “green” and pomegranate seeds “red,” so he imitated them in applying these two words to these things or to other things similar to them. Whether he sees these colors as people see them or not, the words he uses are not suitable for conveying an individual emotional state from one mind to another, as words therefore only indicate external things. Yes, it is suitable, as we have seen, for revealing individual psychological differences, but it only reveals them in terms of its significance for actions and attitudes, or less, if you like, in terms of its significance for external behavior. I cannot say, for example, that your personal experience is the same as my experience. But I just watch our behavior

Both are subject to one law, and this applies to the words we use, as well as to hand movements and other things.

Suppose we want to learn the numbers arranged in these squares (see Figure (11)) so that we can memorize them by heart. Some of us will find, after memorizing these numbers,

He reads it on an imaginary tablet, as if it were written before his eyes, and some of us repeat it as if it were successive sounds preserved in his auditory memory. The visual sees them all together, and sees each number in the place in which it is placed. The auditor hears in himself the sounds of its successive words according to the order he followed in learning them. A Y

12

21

11

10

Figure - 11 -

These results that we have arrived at personally do not differ from the results we have reached

To the objective method.

Let's ask the people who have memorized these numbers to repeat them to us instead of observing themselves and describing to us what they feel. If we ask. Some of them repeat it according to the horizontal lines, or vertical lines, from right to left, or from left to right, from top to bottom, or from bottom to top. We found Al-Basri repeating it as we wish. As for the auditory person, he cannot repeat it except according to the order in which he taught it.

You see that these experiments show us the type of perception that prevails in a person, and they give us the same results that we obtained in the personal way

This indicates to us that if the subjective method is limited to verbal expression, it does not differ fundamentally from the objective method, but rather that both of them deserve to be followed in one science. We will see in our future research that these two methods have worked together to advance psychology, and if the objective method prevails over some branches of psychology, such as animal psychology, child psychology, or mental illness, then both methods are suitable for treating most of the issues in normal psychology. . Therefore, in studying psychological issues, we should clarify objective experiences by referring to inner contemplation, because inner contemplation helps to understand the results.