الجريدة النموذجية بين العقل الالكتروني والخدمة الصحفية ٨_a .. كتاب صحافة الغد

(b) Distribution:

Distribution, in turn, represents an important resource no less than the advertising resource, especially since the increase in the rate of education and interest in the modern era in following up on internal and international events would lead to a continuous increase in distribution numbers. The following percentages show the extent of the increase recorded by Al-Ahram in its distribution in recent years.

(h) Miscellaneous revenues:

In addition to the proceeds from advertising and distribution, the press house receives other revenues. What appears to be the case is that some of these revenues are closely related to journalistic work and are represented in the sale of printing press waste, such as paper and materials used in printing, while others come from the press house’s use of its printing presses to print books and periodicals and carry out some of the operations it carries out on behalf of a group of clients, which in total are no more than Manufacturing operations are third-party and their importance varies from one house to another depending on their capabilities in printing. In addition, there are side operations that the house can undertake and produce output from, such as working in the field of external advertising through poster advertisements, mail advertising, or preparing advertising campaigns in foreign magazines and newspapers. In distribution, by using distribution devices to distribute a group of. Local or foreign newspapers, magazines and publications.

2- Expenses:

The expenses of any press house are characterized by a special nature that may distinguish it from others operating in the industrial sector, in that the vast majority of the house’s expenses are nothing more than fixed expenses. Wages and the like, and what is considered a supplement to the wage, in some homes represent a percentage of up to 35% of the home’s expenses. As for the second item that records a serious number in the budget of any press house, it is undoubtedly what is spent on importing paper. The paper used in press institutions is usually of two types: either newspaper paper weighing 52 grams per square meter or magazine paper (satin) weighing 60 grams. The first type is designated for issuing newspapers, while the second type is designated for issuing magazines. The press house may use other types of paper that is used in commercial operations, which are of different types and weights, and the majority of it is produced locally. Industrial expenses represent a small percentage, even if compared to paper, but they are of special importance, especially since a large percentage of these materials are imported from abroad. Other variable expenses are very small.

The law regulating the press, issued on May 23, 1960, stipulated that half of the profits made by press institutions should be distributed to those working in press houses, and the other half should be allocated to renovations and other expansions within the press houses. This indicates that workers in press institutions receive the largest share of the profit. Rather, in distributing the profit, it should be taken into account that its categories for those with small salaries are much higher than those with large salaries.

Although this is the picture that we see in reality in our daily lives inside press houses, in reality it is nothing more than a temporary picture, as the future awaits comprehensive and fundamental amendments from these houses in their administrative conditions and internal systems in order to keep pace with the pace of technical progress. Hence, it becomes necessary for us to take a moment at the development required in journalistic institutions in order to determine the image of the future through them.

Features of the future picture:

Every day brings new innovations in the world of industry. Factories produce the latest equipment and devices, aiming to improve and diversify production and use the finest methods of work in various sectors. Just as the hand of science extended to various industrial sectors, it also extended to printing methods. Printing has surpassed the era in which letters were collected by hand, and this task has become carried out by electronic minds. The many publications published in recent years undoubtedly reveal the seriousness of the development that has affected printing machines and devices in recent years. It is natural, since the human mind has been guided by these inventions and has achieved the production of these precise devices, that it does not stand idly by in organizing the relationship between the individual and the machine and establishing methods for management and rationalization of work so that the individual does not lag behind in the development of the machine.

There is no doubt that the introduction of modern devices and machines into press houses has dictated several regulations on the administrative bodies and even on the nature of work within the integrated sectors of the press house. The introduction of automated calculations and the use of the electronic mind, whose development has reached the third generation, necessarily entails establishing a documentary cycle between the accounting departments that enables the electronic mind to reach the required results in an easy and unhindered manner. Spending thousands of pounds per month on the electronic mind requires operating it to the maximum degree in various Domains. Hence, it must be used in the house’s cost systems so that every project implemented by the press house is fully aware of its return and moves within a tight framework and in light of the latest cost accounting systems. The electronic brain must be used to issue customer invoices in advertisements, provided that this brain provides comparative data for accounts and balances at regular times. He is also responsible for preparing invoices for newspaper sellers, regardless of their number and regardless of the number of newspapers, magazines and books distributed, organizing returns operations, preparing comparative statements, and even tightening control over returns stores and following up on the movement. Waste. Not to mention that the electronic mind controls warehouse operations, including raw materials and spare parts, and prepares studies and detailed data on paper productivity and consumption volume, as well. From using it in the movement of wages and commissions, and even in medical care and social insurance. The electronic mind is used in editorial work, so it accepts the article and stores the editorial material, so that when the time for publishing the article is determined, it undertakes the process of converting the material into a perforated tape that reaches the collecting machines, which automatically collects the article at lightning speed so that in minutes it becomes ready to enter the printing stage.

If these examples indicate the importance of the role played by the electronic mind in a journalistic institution, it means, on the other hand, that all financial and administrative organizations must be prepared in a way that enables this mind to achieve its purpose. In addition to the problem of organization, which is the process of coordinating, refining, and rationalizing the stages of work, there is another problem represented by the steady increase in the number of workers for press houses, and whether these modern devices lead to a large number of them being unemployed.

The phenomenon of increasing employees is not a local phenomenon, but rather an international phenomenon. The number of employees in Al-Ahram, for example, has increased in recent years as follows:

There is no doubt that organizing and rationalizing work requires finding suitable work for everyone who works in the press house, which is not an easy task, but it is necessary and necessary, as the remaining of any worker without work actually leads to disabling others and placing obstacles in the way of the stages of development required within the press house. .

However, it is no secret that finding suitable work requires training on modern equipment, but rather on the work method itself, and there are aspects of those that we mentioned immediately that “Al-Ahram” touched on when moving to the new building. This includes the number of workers in the processing department of the distribution department. Their number is approximately seventy workers. They receive the copies issued by the printing press and then push them on carts to the distribution hall. Another group performs the process of binding the packages and then the hands pick them up until they deliver them to the trucks that travel outside the capital or Distribution at home or delivery to stations and airports. In the new building, these operations are carried out using modern equipment. Even the packing is done using special machines, and the connection from the machines to the cars after packing is done using special devices. They are the transformers or spiral coils that fall by connection to the lorries waiting for the newspapers at the bottom of the house. There is no doubt that the use of these devices saved half of the workers in the supply department, but he immediately trained them in warehouse work, in the work of distributing subscriptions, and in the processes of receiving returns from contractors and vendors in the cities and the capital. There is another problem we face in the new Al-Ahram building, which is the smooth service. According to a statistical study, it was found that every five employees are assigned a regular service, while some press houses in London occupy nine floors, allocating three regular jobs to the house. The introduction of a system of suction pipes and file elevators for internal communications in the new Al-Ahram building led to each floor being limited to a small number of workers in this field.

However, this organization will in fact lead to achieving two goals. On the one hand, we will work to raise the level of competencies in the home so that each individual occupies the job or the work that suits him, so we give priority to quality over quantity. On the other hand, we will redistribute (no one will be dispensed with, but rather he will be directed by those They do not need to be worked in their department or transferred to other departments that will prepare them appropriately.

This is the press service provided by two major morning newspapers. In the field of weekly publishing, Paris Match magazine is considered an example of excellent journalistic service. Paris Match magazine distributes 1,400,000 copies per week. This number is considered the highest distribution known to the French weekly or daily press. The closest competitor to this magazine is France Soir, which distributes one million and 100 thousand copies.

The reason for the success of this magazine lies in its rapid presence at the scene of events and its publication of the largest number of journalistic investigations photographed in color or in one color. It is rare for a number of them to be published without publishing a graphic scoop. This magazine was famous for the excellent service it provided to its readers, and for its rapid movement during important events. The disaster of the collapse of Mount Aberfan in Britain was about to hit a children's school, until Barry McMahon magazine sent a group of its men to the area of ​​the accident. The disaster occurred on Friday, the day of publication, and Paris Match published an eight-page photo investigation on Tuesday.

The editor-in-chief of the magazine is headed by Roger Terron (40 years old), who began working there since the publication of its first issue in 1949. The editor-in-chief says: “We have two goals: to issue before others, and to serve the journalistic subject fully.” In order to achieve this goal, Paris Match employed a large number of the best photographers and editors, who go on daring adventures, in order to reach their subjects. In 1961, it parachuted one of its men onto the Portuguese ship Santa Maria. It was captured by its commander, General Delgado. Its photographers and editors often disguised themselves as mail carriers, peasants, and milk sellers. One of them was able to attend a meeting held by the cardinals in Rome, after he disguised himself and dressed as one of the cardinal’s followers. The number of editors in this magazine is astonishing. There are 30 editors and photographers, most of whom have been working since its publication. Bill Smith, the only English journalist who works as a correspondent for this magazine, says that the workers in this magazine are considered the elite of French journalists.

Paris Match pays huge sums of money to obtain the first pictures of any topic of interest to public opinion.

This magazine is one of the four magazines owned by Jean Provo (82 years old). Despite his old age, he goes to his office every day and supervises the editing himself. He often deletes many topics an hour before printing time, because these topics will not arouse anyone’s interest. The profits of this magazine in the year are estimated at 350 thousand pounds, and the advertiser pays a high price for the color page, estimated at 3 thousand pounds, and 2 thousand pounds for the regular page in one color. The magazine prints its wonderful colors using the heliograph method, in an external printing press that is not affiliated with the magazine. But Paris Match was able to obtain a photographic collection device and place it in the magazine’s building, collect its materials on it, and then send its films to the printing press with the pictures, where the printing process takes place.

And often. used. A huge number of photos in her journalistic investigations is considered a record in the journalistic community. It published 42 photos in its investigation of the Pope’s visit to America, in 1965. It also published 72 photos in its investigation of Churchill’s funeral and 48 photos in a topic on World War I. The process of selecting photos takes place on the same day that the magazine is printed (Friday). All the photos of the issue are placed on the desk and the sorting process begins, with all photographers participating. After choosing the photos best suited for publication, the editorial hall looks “like a madhouse. Editors and photographers run to finish their work as quickly as possible.” . Suddenly, calm prevails, then the sound of opening champagne bottles rises in the middle of the hall, and the party begins, which is repeated every week after finishing work.