رئيس التحرير في مواجهة الآلية التلقائية ٣_a .. كتاب صحافة الغد

Required font. Then he begins to hit the keys in front of him on a board that resembles a typewriter board, and on it are 90 keys representing 90 letters, a sign that a few years ago was 140 letters, and a sign that was shortened to 90, and the new font became called shortened font. Thus, letters are formed in front of him that represent a complete or incomplete line. If He is required to assemble the article into a size of 10.5 squares (about 4.5 centimetres). The compiler knows that each line of 10.5 squares represents in front of him - after disassembling it - 126 fonts in the printing scale, and each font is equal to 0.376 millimeters. On this basis, he begins his work. Each letter (matrix) that appears in front of it after each stroke on the keyboard also represents a number of fonts, and each space (space) placed between one word and the next represents a number of fonts. Therefore, the speed of the worker in collecting one line differs at the beginning from that at two-thirds of the line and at the end of the line. The worker begins. The line without any intellectual effort, content with the mechanical effort he exerts until he reaches approximately two-thirds of the line, then his speed begins to slow down with the beginning of the intellectual effort because then his thinking begins to work to calculate the remaining distance and counts the grouped letters and subtracts the remaining part from it and wonders whether he can put another word in this. line? Or is it better to expand the line and leave the other word for the next line? When he decides to be satisfied with the number of words in the line, he begins to expand the line by placing a dash (kashida) between the connected letters, then counts the line again. If A finds that the total line has reached 120 fonts, he knows that he has another year of fonts that must be placed in order to complete the line in its correct size. Then he must wait for the barricades to come down, then raise them by pressure until they reach the mouth, then wait for the pouring process.

IBM has... By studying this problem, I found that the worker spends 34% of his time thinking about this logical calculation process. While the process of pressing the keys -
It takes only 66% of his time to reach us.

Now to the basic problem that prolongs the time of the collection process, and thus increases the cost. Therefore, experts thought about eliminating the keyboard, which the worker hits or writes on, from the collecting machine. Thus, we benefit from the 34% of wasted time, in addition to the difference in the speed of each worker from his colleague. It is known that the speed of the worker in hitting the Arabic keys ranges between thousands and thousands of strokes per hour (from 120 to 150 lines per hour), but the reality is different from this. Al-Ahram Foundation conducted research from which it became clear that the average worker speed ranged between 50 and 120 lines per hour. This is because wages are paid by the daily (7) hours (and not by production). That is, the worker’s production per day ranges between 350 lines (and sometimes less) and 850 lines (and sometimes more) depending on the worker’s efficiency. We find after that that it was necessary to introduce automatic machines. In particular There are no schools to train workers in collecting, which forces Al-Ahram to hire boys whom the institution will train.

So what role does perforated tape play? How does it save us money and time? How does production increase?

Punching tape on a punching machine is easier than punching the keys of an adding machine. Especially since the man or woman working on the tape hits the keys continuously and does not have to wait until the letters (barricades) come down and each letter is arranged next to the other and then enters the bottom to form a complete line. It is true that the writer on the screen also thinks about the number of lines, but he does not perform any mechanical operations such as those performed by the plural worker, who presses buttons and levers and places some lines in his hand to complete the line with them.

We find that the speed of writing on the punching device is faster than the speed of the adding machine. The writer can write on tape at a speed ranging between 500 and 600 lines per hour (on Arabic machines), and this speed reaches 6 or 7 times the speed of the addition worker.

Through experience, they found that the speed of the machine, if it worked using tape, reached 300 lines per hour, or approximately 2,000 lines per day. The speed reached 500 lines.