هل بدأ عصر جديد في الصحافة ؟ ١_a .. كتاب صحافة الغد

Has a new era begun in journalism?

The development in the journalism industry - and thus in the journalist himself - will amaze the world in the coming years. Important events and serious discoveries await the reader. The reader - who is the consumer of the journalism industry - will benefit from this progress that has begun to grow in the last five years, and for which they expect a great future in the next ten years.

The number of printed copies of newspapers in the world has reached 300 million copies daily. In 1965, as stated in the UNESCO report. This number was 250 million - per day - in 1959, meaning that the number of newspaper consumers increased by 50 million in six years. The report says that the number of printed copies - per day - has increased twenty percent in the last ten years, and the number of daily newspapers has reached ten thousand newspapers.

As for America and Canada, a report published in 1964 stated that the number of newspapers there reached 1,861 daily newspapers, of which 119 newspapers were printed offset and 1,742 newspapers were printed typographically. The daily circulation reached 63 million copies, of which 1.5 million were offset and 61.5 million were printed. With typography.

UNESCO announced in another report broadcast in 1962 at a meeting of the International Federation of Journalists in Vienna that there are still two billion people who do not have access to newspapers - that is, more than half of the world's population - and the report added that UNESCO began implementing a plan to establish newspapers, news agencies and media outlets. In the countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America, it will cost $3.4 billion. This is not limited to underdeveloped countries only. There are 5 countries in Europe that do not have newspapers to this day: Andorra, San Marino, Liechtenstein, the Faroe Islands, and Monaco.

In 1965, the World Press Organization - which represents 124 countries - announced a huge project to establish a scientific center for journalistic research, the cost of which was estimated at sixty million pounds. This center is used by more than a thousand scientists and technicians. The city of Edinburgh, in addition to the French town of Semouam, was chosen to establish the center.

The steady increase in distribution and the increase in copies printed have encouraged experts to enter this field, which is still considered virgin in journalistic technology, if we compare it to the great progress in other fields, such as the field of space, medicine, or electricity. The main reason that made press institutions around the world pay attention to the major role that electronics will play in the journalism industry is the huge losses that have begun to befall them, despite the increase in the circulation of their newspapers. This is due to the high prices of raw materials, such as paper, ink, and machines, and the high wages of press workers, employees, and journalists. They have finally discovered that the journalism industry is considered backward compared to other industries.

When they tried to develop it and raise it to the level of other industries, they were met with many obstacles, the most important of which were newspaper workers and their unions.

The two great capitals - New York and London - were shaken when publishers tried to bring electronic minds into their printing presses. The unions actually defeated them and imposed conditions that made it difficult for newspaper owners to enter this field. While electronic minds entered the printing presses of small regional newspapers in the United States and Britain. This new technology began to develop rapidly in the small country and threaten the two major capitals.

Another problem facing major capitals is the problem of newspaper sellers and their strikes. The strike they carried out in New York - in late 1961 and extending into early 1962 - cost the American economy more than one hundred million dollars, and the strike extended for several months.

The New York Times editors went to their offices every day on time.

Defined - huge of . They know that their newspaper will not be published in the morning - and they work with all their effort, and their representatives send them abroad with all the news, topics and pictures they obtain, and work is carried out as if the newspaper were to be published the next day, and the pages are prepared for printing and then sent by radio to be printed in Paris, where it is published. The European edition of the newspaper is read by various countries in the Eastern Hemisphere, while the people of the city in which this newspaper was prepared are forbidden from reading it. Its daily circulation is 875 thousand copies, and its weekly circulation is 1 million and 500 thousand copies. The capital of Japan has now begun important experiments to print the newspaper in the reader's home, in order to dispense with the problems of newspaper sellers. The new project being prepared in Tokyo and carried out by the Asahi newspaper, which distributes seven million copies, consists of a network of devices very similar to a television set (they call it the continuous electronic newspaper), through which the newspaper can send its pages and be printed in the reader’s home using an electrostatic method. This network will threaten the huge television network in Tokyo, whose programs are received by 17 million devices. The major obstacle in this project is the high price of this device, which will not encourage the reader to buy it. Therefore, those responsible for it thought about selling their devices in installments, provided that their price does not exceed the price of the daily newspaper. That is, the premium is equal to the annual subscription to the newspaper, which does not exceed ten pounds per year. If this project succeeds, a new industry will arise in the world and merge with the journalism industry, which is the manufacture of these devices that are considered electronic newspaper sellers, because factories will have to manufacture millions of these devices and distribute them to homes. Especially since the number of readers is increasing in the world. In Britain alone, it is necessary to manufacture 26,700,000 devices, which is the number of copies distributed daily in Britain. It is true that the sales rate in Britain is higher than in other countries, despite the continuing decline in distribution, as there are 50.6 copies per hundred people, which is the highest rate in the world. But the number of copies printed in the Soviet Union amounts to 39 million copies per day.

Newspaper circulation in China has increased by 50% over the past ten years. All of this indicates the number of devices needed to be distributed to homes if this major project is successful.

Although Britain has the highest rate of increase in distribution in relation to its population, followed by Sweden, these two countries. They are two of 4 countries in the world that have suffered from a decline in distribution since 1954, the other two countries being Ireland and Spain. (The United States is ranked number 13 in terms of the distribution of newspapers per population. The ratio is 31.1 per hundred people, and in the Arab Republic the ratio is only 20 per thousand.)

In addition to the decline in circulation in Britain, most of its newspapers are suffering from the economic crisis, due to their inability to enter the field of electronic minds. The report - submitted by the Economic Commission, which was formed in early 1967 to study the deteriorating situation of British newspapers - stated that there are only two newspapers in Britain that are not suffering from the economic crisis: the Daily Mirror, which has a circulation of millions of copies daily, and the Sunday Times, which has a circulation of 1. 360,000 copies every Sunday. The report also attributes the causes of the crisis to the high price of paper and the lack of advertisements in newspapers.

In October 1966, the number of advertising columns in the Daily Telegraph decreased by 438 compared to October 1965. Erotic newspapers and sexual newspapers also became less popular among readers, and television was able to obtain many of the advertisements that newspapers had lost. Thus, a new member joined the unions, and their problems there, namely television, which began preparing to descend into the field of colors, which would appeal to advertisers, while the press was still far from modern development.

The Economist wrote in one of its editorials discussing this problem: Isn’t it strange that our newspapers still follow systems and methods from the Victorian era in their printing, at a time when we can transmit images from the moon to the Earth and print these images in newspapers? It still reaches its nearby readers in the suburbs by train.

Newspapers in London suffer from overstaffing. In some newspaper institutions, this inflation has reached from 12 to 20 percent in printing presses, and from 40 to 60 percent in editing. The Mirror newspaper can provide 1,700,000
One thousand pounds per year if modern systems are introduced in its printing presses.

The newspaper now costs ten cents per copy in London, and is sold to the reader for five cents.
Talk about the press crisis in Britain began to increase after the London Times newspaper was included in the Thomson newspaper group.