آثار العمارة المملوكية ٣_a .. كتاب العمارة العربية الاسلامية

42 - Turbah Balban: It is known today as the Balban Mosque. It was established by the atabeg of the soldiers in Damascus, Prince Sayf al-Din Balban, and he was buried there when he died in the year 836 / 1432, and his son was also buried there. It has a facade resembling the Jaqmaqiyyah madrasa, and inside it is Ann’s grave made of stone.

43 - Al-Khaydir School: It is located in the neighborhood famous by its name, near the wool market. It was established in the year 878 / 1473 by Chief Justice Ibn Khidr, with a nice plan.

44 - Al-Shabakliyya School: It is located in the Qanat district, west of the Palace of Justice. It was built in 1453/857 by the prince of Damascus, Prince Shazbek Al-Jalbani, who died in 887 AH. It consists of a turba, a mosque and a sabil, and has a beautiful and authentic facade.

45 - Al-Shahm Minaret: It is located in the locality known by this name on the straight road (between Bab Al-Jabiya and Bab Sharqi). It was built in the year 770 1368, as proven by the inscription engraved on it. All that remains of the Mamluk minaret is its lower part.

46 - Sheikh Ruslan Mosque: It is located near the famous cemetery outside the northeastern corner of the city wall. It was built next to the shrine of Sheikh Ruslan, who died in the year 540/1145. The date of its construction is not known, but the decorations covering its western facade are considered pure Mamluk art.

47 - Al-Saqifa Mosque: Built on the bank of the Barada River outside Bab Touma. Built in 1411/814. Then it was renewed and its Mamluk-style facade remained.

48 - Asim Mosque: A small mosque, with a beautiful antique facade, with an inscription mentioning the date of its construction in the year 774 / 1372, located in the Al-Aqsab area on Asim Avenue.

49 - The Badriya and Rasimiyya soils: There are two similar domes adjacent to the north side of the Sheikh Ruslan Mosque. We believe that one of them is attributed to Jamal al-Din Aqosh al-Rusaimi, who died in the year 709/1309, and the second to Prince Badr al-Din Hassan, who died in the year 824 AH, and who had built it in the year 814/1411. .

50 - Al-Adiliyya Al-Sughra School: It was built in the Ayyubid era, but its door and part of its facade belong in their decoration and decoration to the Mamluk era, and traces of renewal are evident, especially in the arch of the door, which is composed of lobes resembling the heels of books, which we previously said was common in this era.

51 - Al-Buzuri Mosque: It is located in the locality of Qabr Atika. The rest of it
Its square-shaped minaret.

52 - Bahadur As soil: It is located on the outskirts of the Bab al-Saghir cemetery near the Ephridonian soil. It was demolished and its facade remained inside the recent Mardam soil. It was built in the year 721/1221, as stated in the text engraved on it. The Grand Prince Saif al-Din was buried there in the northern city of Mansouri. In the year 730 AH.

53 - A gallery in the Al-Omariya School. The school was built during the reign of Nur al-Din and was restored during different eras. It contains inside it a beautiful arch on columns, well built. It was probably built in the year 844/1440. As evidenced by what the sources reported about renovations carried out this year by Prince Nasser al-Din bin Manjak, as well as the style of writing engraved on the facade of the portico, which we have not been able to read yet.

54 - Restoration and renovation works in the Umayyad Mosque: The Umayyad Mosque contains many architectural and decorative monuments that were completed during the Mamluk era, the most important of which is the western minaret (Photo No. 52). It was completely renewed during the days of Sultan Qaytbay in the year 893/1488, as well as the copper-plated doors of the mosque, all of which are from the era. Mamluk.

55 - Restoration and renovation work in the Damascus Citadel: We talked about the Ayyubid Citadel in the previous chapter, but many repairs were carried out on it, and parts of its towers were renewed, especially the northern door and the tower adjacent to it from the west, and the southeastern corner tower, where the crests and inscriptions that chronicle the works were engraved. Renewal that took place in various eras (1).

Aleppo city buildings

1 - Important renovation work took place on the walls and doors, which we find in: the Iron Gate, which was completed during the reign of Qansuh al-Ghuri (sixteenth century). In Bab al-Maqam during the reign of Sultan Barsbay (fifteenth century) and in Bab Qinnasrin, during the reign of Sultan al-Ghuri (907/1501) (Photo No. 64).

2 - Aleppo Citadel: Restoration work also took place in the Aleppo Citadel, the most important of which dates back to the days of Al-Ghuri. We find these works in the front moat tower (913 AH) and in the Throne Hall (Sultan Qaytbay, 880 AH). The Mamluk architecture and decoration are clearly evident in the facades of these two buildings (Photo No. (65). There are also the two towers built at the foot of the citadel in the north and south, both of which are from the Al-Ghuri era (beginning of the tenth century AH), and on the tower carrying the throne hall is an inscription mentioning the works of Al-Ashraf Khalil. Ibn Qalawun, but there is no architectural support for it because the building style is Ayyubid.

3 - The Great Mosque: In it we find a wonderful pulpit made of wood inlaid with ivory, made during the reign of Sultan Al-Nasir Muhammad (fourteenth century AD) (Photo (71). The mihrab was also renewed during the reign of his father, Sultan Qalawun (thirteenth century).

4 - Al-Tanbugha Mosque: It was built by the governor of Aleppo, Prince Alaa Al-Din Al-Tanbugha, in the year 718 / 1318, as proven in the inscription on its western door, and it is still in good condition, especially the sanctuary with a stone dome with muqarnas and the ribbed minaret. This mosque is located on the eastern wall of the city in the locality known as Salt Square.

5 - Al-Atrush Mosque: It is located behind the Government House, to the south of the Aleppo Citadel. It is one of the best mosques built in this era. It is distinguished by its facades, doors, and minaret, and its sanctuary, which retains its huge yellow columns, its marble pulpit, and its mihrab, as well as the soil with the stone dome decorated with muqarnas. It was buried. It contains the builder of the mosque, Prince Aqbugha al-Atroush, who began building it in the year 801/1398. He died five years later, so Prince Demirdash al-Nasiri, the deputy of the Sultanate in Aleppo, completed it and completed its construction in the year 811/1408 (Photo No. 58).

6 - Al-Tawashi Mosque: It is located south of the citadel, to the right of the road leading to Bab Al-Maqam. It was built by Prince Safi al-Din Jawhar al-Tawashi in the year 774/1372. The most important features of it are its eastern facade, its door, and its minaret (Photo No. 61).

7 - Pistachio Mosque: It was originally a school established by Ahmed bin Yaqoub bin Al-Sahib in the year 765 / 1362. As evidenced by the writing engraved on the door. It has a well-built facade and a beautiful door decorated with muqarnas (Photo No. 60).

8 - Al-Rumi Mosque: located in Bab Qinnasrin. It was built by the deputy of the Sultanate, Prince Menkli Bagha, in the year 768/1366. Its condition is good. The most important features are its facade, its door, its circular minaret (Photo No. 57), and its wonderful mihrab, which resembles the mihrab of Paradise.

9 - Al-Mahmandar Mosque: It is located in Al-Suwayqa, near the Sharia Court. The most important thing in it is its minaret, which is rich in inscriptions dating back to the construction of the mosque in the eighth century AH, and is attributed to Al-Hasan bin Balban bin Al-Mahmandar.

10 - Al-Daraj Mosque: It has a beautiful facade equipped with windows in the Mamluk style. It is likely that it was built in the fifteenth century. It is located outside the eastern wall in the Khan al-Sabil district.