تويت
تشريح النبات ..
العالم الطبيعي ..
كتاب التصوير الفوتوغرافي المغلق
Plant anatomy
Close - up photography can highlight details in the external structure and , more especially , in the internal anatomy of plants . You can often reveal exciting shapes that are not obviously visible to the naked eye . Ideas for anatomical pictures have often come to me while prepar ing food in the kitchen . Next time you cut through a fruit or vegetable , take a close look at the way in which the seeds are arranged inside it an apple , a pomegranate , a melon , or a kiwi fruit , for example - or observe how the fleshy leaf bases encircle one another in an onion or a leek . If the section is a thick one , it will have to be lit across the cut surface , but it may be possible to light a thin section from beneath by placing it on glass .
Dried seed heads and leaf sprays are also worth considering as close - up subjects , as are individual seeds . If there is a hook or a miniature parachute on the seed , then a photograph can illustrate the way in which structure relates to function . Seeds can be scattered onto glass and lit from below or packed tightly together in a shallow box to make what I call a seed mosaic ( see p . 30 ) . Seeds with a large wing or bract to slow down their rate of descent from the tree tops can be photographed using a repetitive stroboscopic flash ( see p . 114 ) .
Anyone who has grown a bulb above water in a glass container will have noticed the way in which the roots extend down into the water . If a bean or a pea is supported on a piece of card with a central hole above a small glass aquarium the roots will grow down into the water . Their delicate coating of root hairs can be photographed in the same way as the snail ( see p . 124 ) .
Cross - sections of tree trunks or branches will expose the concentric pattern of the annual rings . These can be photographed and then enlarged so that you can count the rings and determine the age of the tree .
A leafy skeleton ▷ I collected this dry magnolia leaf skeleton in winter and photographed it some months later in my studio . The leaf was flattened onto a piece of glass with adhesive tape and lit from below using two small flashes . Lens Hasselblad 80mm + bellows Mag . on film x3.5 Mag . on page 11
Beneath a frond
At this magnification the circular orange sori , growing out from the underside of a green fern frond , are clearly seen as clusters of many sporangia , each with a darker thickened midrib . Although the frond was thin enough to be transilluminated , I chose to light it with a small flash directed down from the top left of the frame . The sori were then modeled by the shadows they cast . Lens 55mm micro - Nikkor + bellows Mag . on film × 2 Mag . on page × 10
The heart of a fruit
Using a very sharp knife I cut a thin slice from the center of a tangerine and placed it on a scrupulously clean piece of clear glass . The sheet of glass was then positioned on blocks of wood to raise it five inches above a square of black velvet laid smoothly on a table . I used four small electronic flashes to light it from below so that the translucent fleshy structure of the segments glowed against the black background . The thick outer rind was not translucent and so blocked out the light ; it therefore appears as a dark band . Lens Hasselblad 80mm + 55mm extension Mag . on film x0.75 Mag . on page x2
العالم الطبيعي ..
كتاب التصوير الفوتوغرافي المغلق
Plant anatomy
Close - up photography can highlight details in the external structure and , more especially , in the internal anatomy of plants . You can often reveal exciting shapes that are not obviously visible to the naked eye . Ideas for anatomical pictures have often come to me while prepar ing food in the kitchen . Next time you cut through a fruit or vegetable , take a close look at the way in which the seeds are arranged inside it an apple , a pomegranate , a melon , or a kiwi fruit , for example - or observe how the fleshy leaf bases encircle one another in an onion or a leek . If the section is a thick one , it will have to be lit across the cut surface , but it may be possible to light a thin section from beneath by placing it on glass .
Dried seed heads and leaf sprays are also worth considering as close - up subjects , as are individual seeds . If there is a hook or a miniature parachute on the seed , then a photograph can illustrate the way in which structure relates to function . Seeds can be scattered onto glass and lit from below or packed tightly together in a shallow box to make what I call a seed mosaic ( see p . 30 ) . Seeds with a large wing or bract to slow down their rate of descent from the tree tops can be photographed using a repetitive stroboscopic flash ( see p . 114 ) .
Anyone who has grown a bulb above water in a glass container will have noticed the way in which the roots extend down into the water . If a bean or a pea is supported on a piece of card with a central hole above a small glass aquarium the roots will grow down into the water . Their delicate coating of root hairs can be photographed in the same way as the snail ( see p . 124 ) .
Cross - sections of tree trunks or branches will expose the concentric pattern of the annual rings . These can be photographed and then enlarged so that you can count the rings and determine the age of the tree .
A leafy skeleton ▷ I collected this dry magnolia leaf skeleton in winter and photographed it some months later in my studio . The leaf was flattened onto a piece of glass with adhesive tape and lit from below using two small flashes . Lens Hasselblad 80mm + bellows Mag . on film x3.5 Mag . on page 11
Beneath a frond
At this magnification the circular orange sori , growing out from the underside of a green fern frond , are clearly seen as clusters of many sporangia , each with a darker thickened midrib . Although the frond was thin enough to be transilluminated , I chose to light it with a small flash directed down from the top left of the frame . The sori were then modeled by the shadows they cast . Lens 55mm micro - Nikkor + bellows Mag . on film × 2 Mag . on page × 10
The heart of a fruit
Using a very sharp knife I cut a thin slice from the center of a tangerine and placed it on a scrupulously clean piece of clear glass . The sheet of glass was then positioned on blocks of wood to raise it five inches above a square of black velvet laid smoothly on a table . I used four small electronic flashes to light it from below so that the translucent fleshy structure of the segments glowed against the black background . The thick outer rind was not translucent and so blocked out the light ; it therefore appears as a dark band . Lens Hasselblad 80mm + 55mm extension Mag . on film x0.75 Mag . on page x2
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