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ما هي الصورة عن قرب؟ ..
التشريح عن قرب ..
كتاب التصوير الفوتوغرافي المغلق
ANATOMY OF A CLOSE - UP
What is a close - up ?
A close - up photograph is usually recognized as one in which the image is reproduced at a magnification of at least one - tenth ( x 0.1 ) life size to life - size ( x1 ) on film , although sometimes the range is regarded as spanning only x 0.1 to x 0.5 . In this case , the term extreme close - up may be used to define images of × 0.5 to × 1 . For simplicity , I have used the word close - up throughout this book for all magnifications . In many books and articles on close - up photo graphy , you will find the term macrophoto graph extensively used to describe an image which is reproduced larger than life - size on the film . This is not strictly correct , since the prefix macro means large , so a macrophotograph literally means a large - sized photograph . A more accurate term is photomacrography , which is directly comparable with photo micrography , a term used to describe images which are made with the aid of a microscope see pp . 142-4
With the exception of the photograms reproduced on pages 72-3 , 83 and 131 , and the photomicrographs on pages 142-4 , all pictures in this book have been taken with a camera . The majority of these I took using either a close up lens ( see p . 20 ) , extension tubes ( see p . 22 ) , a focusing macro lens ( see pp . 24-6 ) or bellows ( see p . 28 ) . A few pictures were taken several times greater than life - size with the specialized non - focusing macro lenses ( see p . 149 ) .
One way of getting a close - up is simply to blow up a small portion of a negative or a transparency which has been taken with a standard lens without any close - up accessory . This apparent short - cut is not feasible because it produces an ill - defined , blurred image . The simple and convenient way of getting in close is to use a close - up lens . A cheap lens may be acceptable for taking a subject in the center of the frame ; any fall - off in definition around the edges would not be apparent . It will not , how ever , give a uniformly defined image all over the frame of a subject in a single plane .
Once you have entered the realm of close - up photography , you will inevitably want to get in closer than is possible with the most readily available close - up lenses , and you will want to experiment with extension tubes and bel lows . If you do not have a bellows unit , you can increase the magnification ( and the definition ) by attaching a reversing ring ( see p . 148 ) to extension tubes so the lens can be mounted in the reverse position .
The tapestry
The protective glass was removed from this tapestry before it was photographed by available light . The tapestry was held in an upright position using a pair of clamp stands on each side of the frame , and the camera was carefully aligned on a tripod . This still - life tapestry contains 170,000 stitches and was completed by a lady when she was in her eighties . Lens Hasselblad 80mm
Mag . on film x0.12 Mag . on page x0.25
Tapestry in detail
I moved in closer to the tapestry ( far left ) so that the part outlined in white completely filled the 21x 21 inch frame . The picture on the near left shows the outlined portion of the plate in detail . At this magnifi cation the tapestry becomes more abstract . Framed portion Lens Hasselblad 80mm + 0.5 Proxar Mag . on film x0.23 Mag . on page * 0.37 Detail Lens Hasselblad 80mm + 21mm extension +0.5 Proxar Mag . on film × 0.46 Mag . on page × 0.54
The stitches
This plate shows part of the picture , top right , which was enlarged when the color separations were made during the printing process . At this larger than - life - size reproduction , each individual stitch is quite distinct and the work that went into the whole tapestry can be fully appreciated . Lens Hasselblad 80mm + 21mm extension + 0.5 Proxar Mag . on film × 0.46 Mag . on page × 1.13
التشريح عن قرب ..
كتاب التصوير الفوتوغرافي المغلق
ANATOMY OF A CLOSE - UP
What is a close - up ?
A close - up photograph is usually recognized as one in which the image is reproduced at a magnification of at least one - tenth ( x 0.1 ) life size to life - size ( x1 ) on film , although sometimes the range is regarded as spanning only x 0.1 to x 0.5 . In this case , the term extreme close - up may be used to define images of × 0.5 to × 1 . For simplicity , I have used the word close - up throughout this book for all magnifications . In many books and articles on close - up photo graphy , you will find the term macrophoto graph extensively used to describe an image which is reproduced larger than life - size on the film . This is not strictly correct , since the prefix macro means large , so a macrophotograph literally means a large - sized photograph . A more accurate term is photomacrography , which is directly comparable with photo micrography , a term used to describe images which are made with the aid of a microscope see pp . 142-4
With the exception of the photograms reproduced on pages 72-3 , 83 and 131 , and the photomicrographs on pages 142-4 , all pictures in this book have been taken with a camera . The majority of these I took using either a close up lens ( see p . 20 ) , extension tubes ( see p . 22 ) , a focusing macro lens ( see pp . 24-6 ) or bellows ( see p . 28 ) . A few pictures were taken several times greater than life - size with the specialized non - focusing macro lenses ( see p . 149 ) .
One way of getting a close - up is simply to blow up a small portion of a negative or a transparency which has been taken with a standard lens without any close - up accessory . This apparent short - cut is not feasible because it produces an ill - defined , blurred image . The simple and convenient way of getting in close is to use a close - up lens . A cheap lens may be acceptable for taking a subject in the center of the frame ; any fall - off in definition around the edges would not be apparent . It will not , how ever , give a uniformly defined image all over the frame of a subject in a single plane .
Once you have entered the realm of close - up photography , you will inevitably want to get in closer than is possible with the most readily available close - up lenses , and you will want to experiment with extension tubes and bel lows . If you do not have a bellows unit , you can increase the magnification ( and the definition ) by attaching a reversing ring ( see p . 148 ) to extension tubes so the lens can be mounted in the reverse position .
The tapestry
The protective glass was removed from this tapestry before it was photographed by available light . The tapestry was held in an upright position using a pair of clamp stands on each side of the frame , and the camera was carefully aligned on a tripod . This still - life tapestry contains 170,000 stitches and was completed by a lady when she was in her eighties . Lens Hasselblad 80mm
Mag . on film x0.12 Mag . on page x0.25
Tapestry in detail
I moved in closer to the tapestry ( far left ) so that the part outlined in white completely filled the 21x 21 inch frame . The picture on the near left shows the outlined portion of the plate in detail . At this magnifi cation the tapestry becomes more abstract . Framed portion Lens Hasselblad 80mm + 0.5 Proxar Mag . on film x0.23 Mag . on page * 0.37 Detail Lens Hasselblad 80mm + 21mm extension +0.5 Proxar Mag . on film × 0.46 Mag . on page × 0.54
The stitches
This plate shows part of the picture , top right , which was enlarged when the color separations were made during the printing process . At this larger than - life - size reproduction , each individual stitch is quite distinct and the work that went into the whole tapestry can be fully appreciated . Lens Hasselblad 80mm + 21mm extension + 0.5 Proxar Mag . on film × 0.46 Mag . on page × 1.13
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