تويت
العدسات ..
المعدات الأساسية ..
الملحق ..
كتاب التصوير الفوتوغرافي
Lenses
A large selection of lenses is not essential for good portraiture . On the contrary , it is far better to use no more than perhaps three basic lenses , and to get well acquainted with their performance , and the effects that they produce . In general , one good quality standard lens will suffice for most portraiture . Henri Cartier Bresson worked most of the time with one 50 mm lens on his 35 mm Leica , not from necessity but purely from choice . One standard lens ( 50 mm for a 35 mm camera , 80 mm for a 21 square , and 105 mm for a 6 × 7 ) will fulfill almost all the requirements of a portraitist .
However , if you want a shot that in cludes some of the sitter's environment , moving further off may be impossible if space is restricted when working in a small room , for example . In such situa tions you will need a wide - angle lens ( 28 or 35 mm for a 35 mm camera , 65 mm for a 21 square , and 55 mm for a 6 × 7 camera ) . But do not get too close to the sitter's face if you want to avoid distortion .
If , on the other hand , you want a close up of the face , a standard lens may be a little too short , and you may have to use a long focus lens - for many decades the favorite of traditional portraitists . Because you must keep a long lens at a distance from the face , it will give natural pro portions with no distortion . However , your long lens should not be too long ( at the most 135 mm for a 35 mm camera , 150 mm for a 24 square , and 200 mm for a 6x7 model ) . The longer the lens , the more restricted the area of sharp focus ( or depth of field ) is at a given aperture : and as a result , you may have to use faster film , with a consequent loss of quality , in order to be able to work at a small stop and keep the whole of the head sharp .
Whatever your choice of lens , the performance and image quality that the lens produces is of the utmost import ance . It is certainly better to use one excellent lens than four indifferent ones . For this reason zoom lenses are not always ideal for portraiture only the most expensive zooms , like the Nikon shown on p . 146 , will perform as well as a good single focus lens .
Larger - format cameras The Pentax 6x7 , above . is a larger version of a 35 mm camera . The Mamiyaflex , top right , was the first twin lens reflex with interchangeable lenses . It provides a high quality 24 square image at a reasonable price , but it is bulky and can create parallax problems . Many portrait photographers consider that the Hasselblad 24 square single lens reflex , bottom , provides the highest image quality . However , it is very costly . Backs are interchangeable - one type takes Polaroid film , making the camera a favorite with professional . studio photographers .
Equipment care Keep equipment clean and well protected . Fit a UV filter ( see p . 42 ) to each lens , and cover with a lens cap when not in use . Use only lens tissue or cloth . Clean cameras with a soft camelhair brush . Check your batteries about once every six months . If you get caught in the rain , dry your camera and lens afterward . Note that seawater is very harmful to photo graphic equipment .
Angle of view The shorter the focal length of a lens , the wider the angle of view it covers , and the smaller in size the subject becomes . In contrast , long lenses reduce the angle of view quite dramatically - thus enlarging the subject . A standard lens ( 50 mm for a 35 mm camera ) has an angle of view that is similar to the field of human vision - about 46 ° .
المعدات الأساسية ..
الملحق ..
كتاب التصوير الفوتوغرافي
Lenses
A large selection of lenses is not essential for good portraiture . On the contrary , it is far better to use no more than perhaps three basic lenses , and to get well acquainted with their performance , and the effects that they produce . In general , one good quality standard lens will suffice for most portraiture . Henri Cartier Bresson worked most of the time with one 50 mm lens on his 35 mm Leica , not from necessity but purely from choice . One standard lens ( 50 mm for a 35 mm camera , 80 mm for a 21 square , and 105 mm for a 6 × 7 ) will fulfill almost all the requirements of a portraitist .
However , if you want a shot that in cludes some of the sitter's environment , moving further off may be impossible if space is restricted when working in a small room , for example . In such situa tions you will need a wide - angle lens ( 28 or 35 mm for a 35 mm camera , 65 mm for a 21 square , and 55 mm for a 6 × 7 camera ) . But do not get too close to the sitter's face if you want to avoid distortion .
If , on the other hand , you want a close up of the face , a standard lens may be a little too short , and you may have to use a long focus lens - for many decades the favorite of traditional portraitists . Because you must keep a long lens at a distance from the face , it will give natural pro portions with no distortion . However , your long lens should not be too long ( at the most 135 mm for a 35 mm camera , 150 mm for a 24 square , and 200 mm for a 6x7 model ) . The longer the lens , the more restricted the area of sharp focus ( or depth of field ) is at a given aperture : and as a result , you may have to use faster film , with a consequent loss of quality , in order to be able to work at a small stop and keep the whole of the head sharp .
Whatever your choice of lens , the performance and image quality that the lens produces is of the utmost import ance . It is certainly better to use one excellent lens than four indifferent ones . For this reason zoom lenses are not always ideal for portraiture only the most expensive zooms , like the Nikon shown on p . 146 , will perform as well as a good single focus lens .
Larger - format cameras The Pentax 6x7 , above . is a larger version of a 35 mm camera . The Mamiyaflex , top right , was the first twin lens reflex with interchangeable lenses . It provides a high quality 24 square image at a reasonable price , but it is bulky and can create parallax problems . Many portrait photographers consider that the Hasselblad 24 square single lens reflex , bottom , provides the highest image quality . However , it is very costly . Backs are interchangeable - one type takes Polaroid film , making the camera a favorite with professional . studio photographers .
Equipment care Keep equipment clean and well protected . Fit a UV filter ( see p . 42 ) to each lens , and cover with a lens cap when not in use . Use only lens tissue or cloth . Clean cameras with a soft camelhair brush . Check your batteries about once every six months . If you get caught in the rain , dry your camera and lens afterward . Note that seawater is very harmful to photo graphic equipment .
Angle of view The shorter the focal length of a lens , the wider the angle of view it covers , and the smaller in size the subject becomes . In contrast , long lenses reduce the angle of view quite dramatically - thus enlarging the subject . A standard lens ( 50 mm for a 35 mm camera ) has an angle of view that is similar to the field of human vision - about 46 ° .
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