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تكوين الصورة - ١ -
المبادئ الأساسية للبورتريه ..
كتاب التصوير الفوتوغرافي
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PORTRAITURE
The dictionary defines the word " portrait " as " a record of certain aspects of a particular human being , as seen by an artist " . The most important attribute of a good portrait is that it captures some individualism in the subject . The picture should not be merely a shot of a pretty girl or an old man , but a portrait of that particular girl or old man , and no other . Portraitists are first and foremost observers , noting human traits of character , idiosyncracies , habits and gestures , move ments and speech , and singling out the individual features in each sitter .
However , do not forget that while portraying a personality you are also fashioning an image . Composition , lighting , and overall design - as outlined in this section - are also important considerations in creating a good portrait . You should not just look at the sitter alone , but note all the additional elements of the scene - furniture , plants , shadows on the wall - and make use of them to enhance the attractiveness of the image and add meaning to the portrait . A good por trait is only very rarely the result of a lucky , random shot . In general , it is the end result of careful thought and planning . The personality of the sitter , the environment , the compo sition , and the choice and quality of lighting all contribute to the final result .
Composing the image
The human eye prefers order and simplicity and emphatically rejects chaos . Therefore , the first principle of good composition is to elim inate any confusing , superfluous or disturbing elements within the picture so that your sub ject dominates . In general , it is impossible for the photographer to rearrange elements in the way that a painter can . Picture - making involves careful framing to select only part of the scene Because every situation offers many possible results , you can improve a poor composition merely by shifting the camera slightly , or by altering your distance from the subject , or by changing your lens ( see p.40 ) .
The positioning of the main subject within the frame is a major factor in composing a portrait . Find a place where your sitter is un hampered by other prominent shapes . Even tone , white or black , uncluttered backgrounds such as a plain wall or an expanse of sky - are usually best .
You can sometimes strengthen your pic tures by making use of the traditional rules of composition the division of thirds ( see the diagram at the bottom of the page ) , and the principle that the eye enjoys being led through an image , following a line or a succession of shapes . Try including close or overlapping
The rule of thirds Think carefully when you compose a picture - a portrait is not merely a representation of a person , it should also be an attractive image in its own right . I used a classical arrangement to strengthen this portrait of the poet Stevie Smith . I placed her on the division of thirds , see diagram below , to give an impression of balance and order to the picture . The sitter's pose and the broken pot echo her loneliness and her advancing age . Mamiyaflex C3 , 75 mm . 1/60 sec at f16 , Tri - X .
Line and composition ▷ You can make use of lines to draw the eye into the image . In this simple composition , the lines of the bench lead the eye to the sitter , see diagram below . And the dark foliage in the background keeps the eye within the picture , focusing attention on the subject . I placed the sitter slightly off - center to make the composition more dynamic . Pentax 6x7 , 75 mm , 1/60 sec at f1 6. Tri - X .
المبادئ الأساسية للبورتريه ..
كتاب التصوير الفوتوغرافي
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PORTRAITURE
The dictionary defines the word " portrait " as " a record of certain aspects of a particular human being , as seen by an artist " . The most important attribute of a good portrait is that it captures some individualism in the subject . The picture should not be merely a shot of a pretty girl or an old man , but a portrait of that particular girl or old man , and no other . Portraitists are first and foremost observers , noting human traits of character , idiosyncracies , habits and gestures , move ments and speech , and singling out the individual features in each sitter .
However , do not forget that while portraying a personality you are also fashioning an image . Composition , lighting , and overall design - as outlined in this section - are also important considerations in creating a good portrait . You should not just look at the sitter alone , but note all the additional elements of the scene - furniture , plants , shadows on the wall - and make use of them to enhance the attractiveness of the image and add meaning to the portrait . A good por trait is only very rarely the result of a lucky , random shot . In general , it is the end result of careful thought and planning . The personality of the sitter , the environment , the compo sition , and the choice and quality of lighting all contribute to the final result .
Composing the image
The human eye prefers order and simplicity and emphatically rejects chaos . Therefore , the first principle of good composition is to elim inate any confusing , superfluous or disturbing elements within the picture so that your sub ject dominates . In general , it is impossible for the photographer to rearrange elements in the way that a painter can . Picture - making involves careful framing to select only part of the scene Because every situation offers many possible results , you can improve a poor composition merely by shifting the camera slightly , or by altering your distance from the subject , or by changing your lens ( see p.40 ) .
The positioning of the main subject within the frame is a major factor in composing a portrait . Find a place where your sitter is un hampered by other prominent shapes . Even tone , white or black , uncluttered backgrounds such as a plain wall or an expanse of sky - are usually best .
You can sometimes strengthen your pic tures by making use of the traditional rules of composition the division of thirds ( see the diagram at the bottom of the page ) , and the principle that the eye enjoys being led through an image , following a line or a succession of shapes . Try including close or overlapping
The rule of thirds Think carefully when you compose a picture - a portrait is not merely a representation of a person , it should also be an attractive image in its own right . I used a classical arrangement to strengthen this portrait of the poet Stevie Smith . I placed her on the division of thirds , see diagram below , to give an impression of balance and order to the picture . The sitter's pose and the broken pot echo her loneliness and her advancing age . Mamiyaflex C3 , 75 mm . 1/60 sec at f16 , Tri - X .
Line and composition ▷ You can make use of lines to draw the eye into the image . In this simple composition , the lines of the bench lead the eye to the sitter , see diagram below . And the dark foliage in the background keeps the eye within the picture , focusing attention on the subject . I placed the sitter slightly off - center to make the composition more dynamic . Pentax 6x7 , 75 mm , 1/60 sec at f1 6. Tri - X .
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