منشأ السيكولوجيا العالمية 2 - The origin of global psychology

منشأ السيكولوجيا العالمية

2 - The origin of global psychology


We now remember how scientists in the present era have achieved the science of psychology

Completing the conditions of positive science

A - The subjective point of view

1 - Those who led the separation of psychology from metaphysics were a group of English philosophers called the Empiristes. They decided to base psychology on observation, but their method was subjective, in which the world returned to itself and described the internal conditions that were taking place within it. In this method, they relied on analysis to return psychological life to its first elements.

(3) The famous people from this sect are (John Locke) (John Locke) and (David Hume)

David Hume, James Mill, Stuart Mill, Thomas Brown, Alexander Bain, and Herbert Spencer

However, the first of them (John Locke), who believed in the independence of psychology from the science of metaphysics, claimed in the book Essai concernant l'entendement humain (1690) that he would follow two principles in the study of the soul: the first is to make himself an object for his observation, and the second is to His viewing condition is like that of a simple natural viewer. His goal was not to investigate the reality of the soul and its essence, but rather he wanted to explain how complex mental perceptions are generated from simple psychological images.

Among what David Hume (1) said in his book known as “Investigations Concerning the Human Mind” is that psychology is a matter of geography of the mind, and that all psychological conditions can be explained by the phenomenon of association of ideas: Researches sur l’entendement humain.


Among what David Hume (1) said in his book known as Researches on the Human Mind: Researches sur l'entendement humain: that psychology is similar to the geography of the mind, and that all psychological conditions can be explained by the phenomenon of association of ideas.

Philosophers who followed the example of David Hume, followed the principles that Locke had set before them, and added to them without departing from this first empirical idea, but they all followed as I saw a subjective method of observation, research and analysis


The Scottish philosophers have an opinion about the method and subject of psychology that can be joined to the first opinion. These philosophers, including Reid and Dugald Stewart, followed the method of internal observation, and separated psychology from the science of metaphysics.

(Thomas Reid (1) said: (The reality of souls and bodies is unknown to us. We know some of the actions of the first and some of the properties of the second, and thus alone we can know and describe them.) (2) De Guldstuart (3) said: “It is not for the post-naturalist views that investigate The reality of the body and the soul is a natural connection with the search for the laws to which their phenomena are subject. Two natural beings may differ in the cause of gravity, and agree completely in the laws of nature. Likewise, the results that are reached in studying the human soul by observing its phenomena have absolutely nothing to do with the opinions examining the reality of the soul and its essence. (4)