نظام الاصدار .. كتاب معلم الصحافة والإنشاء

Version system:

1 - Issuance with a license: This requires that a newspaper not appear, unless the government permits its issuance after fulfilling limited conditions affecting the source or editor-in-chief in terms of age, nationality, and financial ability. Scientific competence may be considered the government withdrawing what it had granted. This has a good reputation, but if he violates any of this right in a joint official instrument.

2 - Issuing with a notification subject to a condition: It requires that the person wishing to issue the issue submit his application to the government along with whatever information it wants regarding his person and his editor-in-chief and the financial guarantee it requires, then he waits for a specific period after which it is permissible for him to begin his work without opposition, and if the government opposes it before Its expiration was for him to discuss the reasons for.

3 - Issuance by mere information: This means that the government leaves the right to issue to each individual on the condition that it is informed before starting to investigate what is in the interest of the group or for the same source. The notification it requires may be a single condition sufficient to facilitate issuance as it relates to the administration of government press services or the publications administration and perhaps for its approval in The Official Gazette or its registration at the Postal Service.

4 - The absolute release of every restriction: It is the simplest of all, as it does not contain any of the conditions or any type of procedures, but rather complete freedom is manifested in it, with nothing disturbing its peace.

Control system:

1 - Controlled censorship: Under which the press lives as a department of the government. Its employees are bound by government orders and are keen to achieve whatever goals suit it. Thus, the government is able to take control of thinking, direction, and direct the people as it wants. This applies to what Napoleon used to say: “. The ruler must put the press at his service.” In fact, Napoleon benefited greatly from subjecting the press to his rule. Indeed, he personally supervised its operation, editing and directing, which made Metternich say with great admiration for him: “For Napoleon, the newspapers were equal to an army consisting of three hundred thousand.” Fighter.

2 - Punitive censorship: It does not initially interfere in the newspaper’s policy and what the editors write, even if. Review its details and facts, and if it finds in it an article, news, or reference that you are not satisfied with, it will actually intervene to implement the penalty of confiscation, disruption, and warning to the owner of the newspaper, and the penalty for the editor-in-chief by withdrawing his license to run the press. The fire of its anger may extend to the printing press, so it may be ordered to close, and all of that is done administratively without Trial or investigation.

3 - Protective censorship: It stands in the middle between control and punishment. It does not give the newspapers a positive direction, as is the case with control, so it suggests to the editors what it wants or orders them to do what it desires. It also does not leave the newspaper alone from the beginning until violations occur. It undertakes to punish them through administrative research, as in punishment. Rather, it relies on On prevention, it leaves the writer the freedom to choose the topics he treats or the news he broadcasts, but requires him to present his writings to it before printing them for publication so that they delete from them what they deem to be “contrary to its goals and contrary to its purposes,” so he refrains from publishing it and protects himself from the evil of punishment.

These three types of oversight are the measure of the type of government in all countries, whether tyrannical, unstable, or democratic. One of the rules that the censorship follows with publishers is that they provide them with two copies of what they want to publish in a magazine or newspaper, even advertisements and headlines, they keep one of them and return the other to them, and they demand information about the origin of what they publish, especially wire news.
And wireless, pictures and advertisements.