ایفان بيتروفيتش بافلوف .. كتاب المائة الأوائل

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov

1849 - 1936 AD

In the early twentieth century, the science of physiology entered a new stage of development. Its first manifestations were the shift from the narrow analytical method to the correct broad understanding of vital processes.

Pavlov's teachings on nervous activity expanded information about the theory of (reflexes). On the basis of this theory, he revealed the neuromechanical system responsible for the types of complex responses of humans or animals to the influences of the surroundings. This mechanism is called (the conditioned reflex) and its place in the cerebral cortex.

Pavlov studied in conjunction with a number of his students and colleagues the main processes that occur in the cerebral cortex and showed experimentally that the cerebral cortex provides the most complex types of body relations with the external environment and also secures the integration of the organism (i.e. the functions of all its organs, tissues and cells). This is the reason for the emergence of dual guidance systems, in which the second system appears to be associated with speech and abstract thinking, and this is only one of human characteristics.

Pavlov, who founded this trend in global physiology, was steadfast and sincere. He emphasized that matter is the basis and secondary consciousness. .. He also believed that psychological activity is the result of the physiological activity of a specific mass of the brain.

The conditioned reflex experiment performed by (Pavlov) is famous. It is summarized in that he put a dog in a cage. Then he began to control the times of his food, so whenever the dog had a meal of meat and bone, he would ring a bell, and the dog's saliva would flow when he heard the bell and saw the food. And this experiment lasted for several days, i.e. the ringing of the bell and salivation due to the presence of (motive) or (stimulus) on the saliva, which is food. Then Pavlov began to ring the bell without the presence of food, so the dog's saliva flowed, and this proved the action of the conditioned reflex.

In addition to this experience in the synthetic study, Pavlov researched cells, cell structure, and nerve fibers.

He developed a branch of science called Microphysiology, which is concerned with microscopic bodies and the processes that occur in periods less than 1/100 of a second or less of these processes in a purely quantitative manner.

Measuring these precise periods has become very possible by applying advanced physics, electrons, organic and inorganic chemistry.