شارلمان .. كتاب المائة الأوائل

Charlemagne

CHRLEMAGNE

742 - 814 AD

Emperor Charles the Great or (Charlemagne), King of the Franks, conqueror of Saxony, founder of the Holy Roman Empire, and one of the first rulers in European history.

Charlemagne was born in the year 742 in a completely unknown place, but it is possible that it was near the city of Aachen, which later became his capital. His father was called Pepin al-Qusayr, and his grandfather was Charles Martel, the great Frankish leader who defeated the Arabs in 732 in the Battle of Bouateh or the Court of the Martyrs. Has a family of owners. A new one named after the Carolingian family (after Charlemagne). Pippin died in 768, and the Frankish kingdom was divided between Charles and his brother Carloman. Fortunately for Charles and the luck of the Frankish unity, Carloman died suddenly in 771, and thus Charles, at the age of twenty-nine, became the absolute ruler of the entire kingdom of the Franks, which was the most powerful state in Western Europe.

When Charlemagne ascended the throne, the kingdom of the Franks consisted of what is now called France, Belgium and Switzerland, in addition to some areas of the Netherlands and Germany. Charlemagne tried to expand his kingdom. The wife of his deceased brother, Carloman, had taken refuge in the Kingdom of the Lombards, so Charlemagne divorced his Lombard wife, and led his army to Lombardy and northern Italy. that .

One of the most important and difficult actions undertaken by Charlemagne was the defeat of the Saxons in northern Germany. The conquest of that country required 18 military campaigns, and religious factors played a role in this war. Every pagan who refuses to enter into Christianity is killed.

Charlemagne also fought in southern Germany and southwestern France for control of those regions. And the last areas that he conquered was the (Avars) region, and they were an Asian people close to (the Huns), occupying a large land in what we now call Hungary and Yugoslavia, and Charlemagne conquered the Avar army. Charlemagne tried to invade Spain, where the Arabs were, but he failed, and as a result of his many wars, he tried to unite Western Europe. He fought in 54 campaigns during the forty-five years he ruled.

Arab history mentions that correspondence took place between Charlemagne and Harun al-Rashid in Baghdad, and Harun al-Rashid sent gifts to Charlemagne, including a water clock. .