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Francis Bacon

FRANCIS BACON

1561 - 1626

Francis Bacon is considered the herald and messenger of the era of modern science, and he was the first philosopher to realize that science and technology can change the face of the world. He supported effective scientific research.

Francis Bacon was born in London in 1561 and was the eldest son of one of the senior officials during the reign of Queen Elizabeth of Britain. When he was twelve, he entered the University of Cambridge, but left the university without obtaining a university degree. He began working at the age of sixteen and served a period on the staff of the British ambassador in Paris, but his father died when he was eighteen and left him no money, so he had to go back to school, so he studied law and at the twenty-first he accepted the legal profession. And when he became twenty-three, he was elected a member of the British Parliament, and Queen Elizabeth hated him because he opposed the approval of the draft tax increase that she had submitted to Parliament.

Bacon became a friend and advisor (the Earl of Essex), an ambitious aristocrat who sympathized with Bacon, but (Essex) decided to stage a coup against Queen Elizabeth, so Bacon warned him that he would put his loyalty to the queen first. . This is the reason for the rise of a hostile feeling towards Bacon among the classes of the people.

Queen Elizabeth died in 1603, and Bacon became an advisor to her first successor, and although James did not abide by his advice, he was admired by him. During James' rule, Bacon was included in government jobs until he became a chief justice and was granted the title of Baron and then Viscount.

Then the disaster began. Bacon was accused of accepting bribery, although this habit was common at the time, but his opponents in Parliament seized this opportunity to remove him. Bacon confessed to bribery and was sentenced to imprisonment in the Tower of London, a heavy fine, and a ban from any public office for life.

But the king released him from prison and lifted the fine, but Bacon lost his political life. Bacon commented on the parliament’s decision by saying: “I was the fairest judge in Britain for fifty years, but the parliament’s ruling on me was the fairest ruling that parliament presented in 200 years.”

It is the works and writings of Francis Bacon that brought him fame. His first writings (articles) appeared in 1597 and were written in a sharp, yet brilliant and attractive critical style. Among his sayings: Young people are more fit for invention than they are for ruling and are more fit for implementation. And they are fit to work on new projects more than stable works. As for the old men, they oppose a lot, spend time in consultations, and venture out of giving advice a little. It is good to benefit from both because the virtues of either of them can correct the defects of the others.

And he said about marriage: “He has a wife and children, and he has been given.” hostages of luck ».

And one of his greatest books in the philosophy of science is a book called (The Great Renewal), which is composed of six parts, the first part looking at the state of our present knowledge. The second part describes a new method of scientific research. The third part is a group of empirical information (obtained by scientific experiments). The fourth part is examples and clarifications of his scientific method, the fifth is provisional conclusions, and the last is an analysis of a complex set of information he gained from his scientific method.

But his greatest book (he could not complete it), and he is considered the greatest book that appeared since the time of Aristotle, is (The Progress of Knowledge), which he started in 1605. And the book (New Tools), and the last one is an invitation to use the experimental method in science, and the last book he published is the book (The New Atlantis), which is a description of a fictional republic located in the Atlantic Ocean. (Bacon) The idea of ​​Thomas More. So Bacon believes that happiness and interest differ from his republic based on focusing on scientific research, and he wants to introduce an implicit concept to Europe that scientific research can provide prosperity and happiness like that enjoyed by the inhabitants of his island and his imaginary republic.