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Enrico Fermi

Enrico Fermi

1901 - 1954

Enrico Fermi, the man who built the first atomic reactor, was born in 1901 in Rome, Italy. He was a brilliant student gifted with a Ph.D. in physics at the age of twenty-one. When he was twenty-six, he was a professor at the University of Rome. At this time, he published his first research in physics, which deals with (quantum statistics).

In 1938, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his research on (neutron absorption). Meanwhile, he was in trouble in his native Italy - his wife was Jewish, and the fascist government headed by Mussolini had declared its hostility to the Jews.

Fermi hated fascism and the dictatorship of Mussolini. In December 1938, when he traveled to Stockholm to receive his Nobel Prize, he did not return to Italy. Instead, he traveled to New York, where he was welcomed by Columbia University, which was pleased to add one of the world's greatest scientists to its faculty. Fermi became a general American citizen. 1944 .

It was announced in 1939 that the absorption of neutrons sometimes. The fission of uranium atoms, and when that report spread, Fermi immediately realized that the fission of a uranium atom could release enough neutrons to start chain * * reactions, and above that Fermi immediately predicted military uses as a result of such a chain reaction. In 1939, Fermi contacted the US Navy and tried to persuade them to develop atomic weapons, but several months passed before the US government became interested in atomic energy.

And when the US government began to take an interest in atomic energy, the first atomic reactor was established to see if it was possible to obtain a chain reaction. Since Enrico Fermi was one of the global people interested in this matter, he was chosen to be the head of a group whose mission was to establish the first atomic reactor. He worked first at Columbia University and then at the University of Chicago, from which he announced on December 2, 1942 the success of the first atomic reactor and the beginning of the atomic age when man succeeded for the first time in launching a chain reaction.

After the war, Fermi became a professor at the University of Chicago, and he died in 1954. He had married and had two children. Element No. (100) Fermium was named after him in honor and in memory of him.