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Rene Descartes

RENE DESCARTES

1596 - 1650

René Descartes, French philosopher, scientist and mathematician, was born in 1596 in the village of The Hague. In his youth, he attended a Jesuit school, and in his twenties he obtained a law degree, but he did not practice law. He was convinced of the necessity of travel and trips, so he traveled all over Europe. If his family was abundant in wealth, this enabled him. from carrying out his wish.

Descartes' trips lasted from 1616-1628, and he visited Italy, Poland, and Denmark. During those trips, he had the idea that he considered a general way to discover the truth, and in the thirty-second he decided to apply that method in an attempt to draw a comprehensive and honest picture of the world. After that, he settled in Holland, where he lived for a period of twenty-one years. He chose Holland because he believed that it had freedom of opinion and thinking for the individual, in addition to that he chose to stay away from divisions and political disputes in Paris. In 1629 he wrote a book (Rules to guide the mind) and in this book he explained his method He discovered it (however, this book was incomplete and was not intended for publication), and it was published after nearly fifty years. (Descartes).

This method of his was summed up in the fact that reaching the truth requires a person to start with a correct beginning, and therefore he must start by doubting everything around him and everything his teachers taught him, and doubting all his beliefs that he is related to, and strengthening them and all his ideas about common sense and even the existence of the external world and even his own existence and In short, doubt (of everything).

This has led to a problem, which is that how can a person overcome this doubt, and obtain reliable knowledge regarding anything, and therefore we see Descartes and through a chain. From the intelligent metaphysical arguments, he proves, with psychological satisfaction and conviction, that he himself exists (I think that is why I come to exist), that God exists, that the external world exists, and these. The beginning of Descartes' theory. The importance of Descartes' theory is twofold:

First: He put the theory of knowledge and the question about knowledge in the middle of his philosophy system (what is the origin of human knowledge) The first philosophers tried to describe the nature of the world, but Descartes tried to teach us that this question can only be solved hypothetically by contacting the question that says How do I know ? Second: Descartes suggested that we should not start with research, but rather with doubt, and this is the opposite of the teachings of St. Augustine.

And that of Descartes' famous concepts regarding the universe, he believed that the whole world except God Almighty and the human spirit moves mechanically, and so natural accidents can be explained by mechanical reasons, and for this he rejected the claims of astrologists, magic, and other forms of superstition, and rejected theological interpretations of the accidents.