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Gregor Mendel

GREGOR MENDEL

1884 - 1822

Gregor Mendel is known these days as the man who discovered the basic laws of heredity and during his life he worked as a monk, but his brilliant researches did not receive attention from the scientific circles.

Mendel was born in 1832 in the city of Heinz Ndorf, which was at that time within the borders of the feminist empire, and in 1843 he entered an Austrian monastery in the city of (Brun) and he was ordained a priest in 1847. In 1850 he took an exam to obtain a degree in teaching, but he failed because his marks were in Biology and geology were few, so the monk in charge of his monastery sent him to the University of Vienna, where he studied mathematics and science. Although he was unable to obtain a degree in education, he worked from 1854 until 1868 as an undersecretary teacher of natural sciences at the modern (Brune) school.

In the meantime, and starting from 1856, he began to conduct his famous experiments in plant breeding, and in 1865 he had deduced the famous laws of heredity and presented them in a paper to the Natural History Society in (Brune), and in 1866 the results he obtained were published in the Society's magazine, although this magazine It was not widespread, but it reached most public offices. Mendel sent a copy of his paper to the scientist in genetics called Carl Nigeli. Nigeli read the paper, but he did not realize it, and he failed to appreciate the great importance of Mendel's discoveries. The scientific community ignored Mendel's articles for more than thirty years.

In 1868, Mendel was appointed head of the monks' monastery, and from that time on. His priestly work left him time to turn to his experiments on plants and when he died in 1884 at the age of sixty-one his scientific research had been overshadowed by a veil of oblivion.

However, Mendel's work was not rediscovered until after the year 1900, when three scientists appeared at the same time who discovered what Mendel had discovered before, but when they read Mendel's articles, they acknowledged the credit and returned to him the consideration he had lost in his life.

What are the facts of Mendel's theory of heredity?

First: Mendel said that in all living organisms there are basic units called today (genes) or (genes) through which inherited characteristics are transmitted from parents to offspring. In the plants that Mendel studied, each one of these characteristics, such as the color of the seed or the shape of the leaf, was decided by these genes or (genes). One evidence inserts one gene from each pair from each of the parents. Mendel found that if the two genes are the heirs of some characteristics For example, one of the genes inherited green seeds and the other gene inherited yellow seeds. Then the effect of the dominant gene will show itself. In that plant alone (in this case, the yellow seeds are predominant), however, the isolated gene does not die, but can be transmitted to future generations.

Mendel realized that each reproductive cell corresponding to the sperm cells or eggs in human beings contains only one gene that is transmitted by chance from the ancestor to the posterior.

Mendel's law remained (with some minor modifications) the starting point for modern genetics.