ماكس بلانك .. كتاب المائة الأوائل

Max Planck

MAX PLANCK

1858 - 1947

In December 1900, German physicist Max Planck amazed the scientific world with his bold hypothesis that light energy (i.e. the energy of light waves) does not flow in a continuous flow, but: vibrations called quantum (quantum). This hypothesis, which was inconsistent with the classical theories of light and electromagnetism, prepared the starting point. Advanced revolutionary physics theories and gave deeper pictures to understand the nature of matter and radiation.

Planck was born in 1858 in Kiel, Germany, and studied at the Universities of Berlin and Munich. He obtained a Ph.D. in physics from the University of Munich when he was twenty-one years old. He studied at this university for a period of time, then became a professor at the University of Berlin and remained in that position until his retirement at the age of seventy in 1928.

Planck was interested in the topic (black body radiation), and this was the name given to the radiation emitted by a black body when heated (a black body is defined as a body that does not reflect any light, but rather absorbs all the light falling on it).

Experimental physicists had made accurate measurements of black body radiation, but Planck's first feat was that he formulated an algebraic equation that correctly describes it. Black body radiation, but this equation was inconsistent with the laws accepted in physics at that time. Planck thought about this problem and finally found a new theory to solve that. Radiant energy is released only with precise exact multiples of the primitive units that Planck called (quantum) or (quantum). According to Planck's theory, the quantity (quantum) of light depends on the fluctuation of light or its color, and also depends on the physical quantity that Planck abbreviated with the letter (e), but it is now called Planck's constant.

Planck's theory was so revolutionary that it would have been extinguished had it not been for Planck's reputation and solidity. Scientists first considered it a physical myth, but after a few years it appeared that quantum theory could be applied to multiple physical phenomena as well as light radiation. Einstein used it in 1905 to explain The results of electrical imaging were used by Bohr in 1913 to explain his theory of the structure of the atom, and in 1918, when Planck won the Nobel Prize, it was clear that his hypothesis was 100 percent correct and that it was of fundamental importance in physical theories. Planck's opposition to Nazi rule in Germany caused him to be in great danger during Mettler's rule in Germany. He executed his son in 1945 for his role in the officers' plot against Hitler. As for Planck himself, he died in 1947. The development of (quantum) mechanics is the greatest physical event in the twentieth century, and it is Even more important than Einstein's theory of relativity.