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Oliver Cromwell

OLIVER CROMWELL

1599 - 1658

Oliver Cromwell is the brilliant military leader who led Parliament's armies to victory in the English Civil War and is primarily responsible for establishing democratic parliamentary government as a form. Forms of English government.

Cromwell was born in 1599 in Huntingdon, England. When he was a young man, England was riven by religious divisions and ruled by a king who believed and wished to exercise the rule of absolute monarchy. Cromwell was a farmer and a country man, but he was a sincere Puritan in his faith (the Puritans are the Puritans ... and they are an extremist Protestant religious group). He did not call a new parliament until after he needed money in his wars with the Scots, and Oliver Cromwell was a member of the new parliament. But this parliament demanded the king's assurances against the resumption of autocratic rule, but the king seemed unwilling to submit to parliament, and so war broke out in 1642 between the armies loyal to the king and those loyal to parliament.

Cromwell chose to side with Parliament. And when he returned to Ha Nettingdon (his hometown), he gathered teams of knights to fight against the king, and during the fighting that lasted four years, Cromwell's military ability appeared. Captive, Cromwell became the most powerful and influential general in England.

But these battles did not finally decide peace, because the parliament group was divided into groups that differed in their objectives, and because of these differences, the king began to evade in making a settlement, and therefore another civil war broke out within a year that was precipitated by the king’s escape from his captivity and his attempt to reunite his armies and resume fighting. But Cromwell returned with his voice and overcame this obstacle by defeating the king again, arresting him, putting him on trial, and then executing him in January 1649.

England became a republic called the Republic (the public good) governed temporarily by a state council headed by Cromwell, but the royalists returned and extended their influence over Ireland and Scotland, supporting the murdered son of King Charles I, who later became Charles II, and the result was Cromwell's move in a successful campaign against Scotland and Ireland, and finally the war ended Al-Ahlia in 1652 with the crushing defeat of the royalists.

When the fighting ended, the time came to organize a new government, but the problem of the constitutional form of this government appeared, and this problem was not resolved during Cromwell's lifetime. This is because this dispute was part of the conflict that divided the Protestants into teams as different from each other as the Catholic Church.

Cromwell dissolved Parliament three times during his life and ruled England under the name of (Mr. Protector) in 1653-1658. His government was good and his administration was organized. He amended and improved many unjust laws, and he also paid great attention to education.

The importance of Cromwell is limited to the fact that he supported democracy at a time when absolute rule prevailed in Europe. He rejected the crown that was presented to him, and this democracy was a key factor in the emergence of the philosophical Enlightenment movement in the eighteenth century, and then the French Revolution, and then the establishment of democratic states in Western Europe. It is also clear that the victory of the forces of democracy in England played a vital role in the establishment of democracy in the United States and other British colonies.