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Plato

Plato

427 BC - 347 BC

The great Greek philosopher Plato represents the starting point for Western political philosophy as well as ethical and metaphysical thought (metaphysical ideas) as well. I studied his thoughts and perceptions about . The topic is 2300 years old, and for this reason, Plato is considered the father and pioneer of Western ideas.

Plato was born into a distinguished Greek Athenian family around the year 427 BC. When he was a young man, he became acquainted with the great philosopher (Socrates), who became his friend and teacher.

And in the year 399 BC. M. Socrates was accused of corrupting the minds of the young men of Athens and sentenced to death at the age of seventy years. Plato called him «the wisest, fairest and best man I knew in my life» and that the execution of Socrates made Plato in a state. Disgust from the democratic government.

Shortly after the death of Socrates, Plato left Athens and spent the next twelve years on foreign trips. In about 387 BC, he returned to Athens and founded a school there (the Academy), which continued to exist for about (900) years after him, and he spent most of the forty years that he lived after that. In Athens, he taught and wrote philosophy, and the most famous of his students was Aristotle, who joined the academy at the age of seventeen, and Plato was in the sixtieth year of hardship.

Plato wrote thirty-cent books, mostly on political and moral issues, but they also included metaphysical issues (beyond nature) and theology. It is impossible for one to be able to get acquainted with his entire works in this regard, but it is comforting to summarize some of his ideas in his book (The Republic), which represents his views on the ideal society.

Plato suggests that the best form of state is the aristocratic state and not This hereditary aristocracy or property. But the aristocracy of merit and eligibility. Any rule by the wisest and best people in the state. And these people are not elected by citizens by voting, but on the principle of choice. People who are members of the ruling class or (regents) accept additional people in their class on the basis of merit and entitlement.

Plato believed that all people, whether male or female, should be given the appropriate opportunity to show their worth and entitlement to be members of the ruling class. (We note that Plato was the first philosopher to recognize equality between men and women) and to secure equal opportunities, Plato suggested that the state educate children: children learn first some complete mathematical exercises, but music, mathematics, and other educational systems should not be neglected, and extensive examinations are given in multiple stages and people Those whose success is limited are devoted to economic activity in society, and those who are more successful continue in the additional study philosophized by Plato, studying his metaphysical principles of an idealistic nature.

At the age of thirty-five, those persons who have proved their competence in the knowledge of theoretical principles receive additional training for fifteen years, and these trainings give them work experience, and only those persons who can apply the theoretical information they have read in books to life are finally accepted into the final class of guardians. real public. Or those who make it clear that they care deeply about the general interests of the people.

And that membership in the class of guardians is not valid for every person, as the guardians do not have to be rich, but rather they are allowed to acquire a minimum amount of property and receive a fixed salary, but it is not large or That they own gold or silver and it is not permissible for them to have families, but they eat with each other and share in wives and husbands, and that the rewards of this ruling class are not material, but moral, which is the psychological satisfaction resulting from community service.

No country in Europe was able to achieve in its composition the principles of Plato, but we can mention in this regard the Catholic Church in the Middle Ages, in which the clergy consisted of the enlightened class that received the appropriate philosophical education, and the Christian clergy were not allowed to marry because they cared about their flock from the laity.

Plato had an impact on the United States of America, as there are some articles in the American Constitution Charter that states that the state. To provide the means to discover and respect popular desires and to elect the wisest and best people to serve the state.

Plato had influence and influence throughout the ages. Plato influenced his ethics and policies on many late philosophers.

And if the author has placed Plato in a lower rank than Aristotle, it is because Aristotle was a scientist above being a philosopher. It lasted more than twenty-three centuries.