نیکولاس کوبر نیکس .. كتاب المائة الأوائل

Nicholas Cooper Nix

Nicholas Copernicus

1473 - 1543

The great Polish astronomer was born in 1473 in the city of Torun on the Vistula River in Poland. His family was well-to-do, so he studied as a young man at the University of Cracow, where he focused his attention on astronomy. In his mid-twenties, he went to Italy, where he studied medicine and law at the Universities of Bologna and Padua, after which he obtained a doctorate in canon law from the University of Ferrara. Then he became a priest and joined the Fronberg Cathedral in Poland. Copernicus did not work as a professional astronomer, but all of the astronomical work that brought him fame took place in his spare time.

During his stay in Italy, he became acquainted with the idea of ​​the Greek philosopher Aristarchus of Samos (he lived in the third century BC), which is that the earth and other planets were all revolving around the sun. Copernicus was convinced of this theory, and when he reached the age of forty, he wrote a short manuscript by hand that became circulated among his friends and put in This manuscript is his views on the subject and he spent several years taking notes and calculating the calculations that were necessary to formulate his great book (On the Rotation of the Celestial Bodies), in which he describes his theory at length and presents the proofs for it.

In 1533, when he was sixty years old, Copernix gave lectures in Rome where he presented the main points of his theory, but did not target the pope's wrath. When he finished his book, he was reluctant to publish it for fear of provoking problems with the church, but he was unable to. His book was printed only in his late sixties, and on the day he died, he received the first copy of his book from the printing press.

In this book, Copernicus stated unambiguously that the earth revolves around its axis, that the force revolves around the earth, and that the earth and all planets revolve around the sun. The planets were in the form of circles, and so his theory was not only mathematically complex, it also lacked accuracy. Nevertheless, his book aroused the great interest of many astronomers to make accurate observations of the movements of the planets, which he completed studying and putting them in their correct framework, finally, the scientist (Keller).

The Cooper Nix theory revolutionized our concepts about the universe and led to changes in our philosophical views as a whole, but you must remember that astronomy does not have that extent in practical applications as does physics, chemistry, and life sciences. In principle, a person can make a television set, a car, or any chemical plant without Any knowledge or application of Copernicus theory while he can dispense with the theories of Fradi, Maxwell or Lavoisier in this regard.

However, the appearance of Cooper Nix's book is considered the starting point in modern astronomy, but in all modern sciences.