شي هوانج تي .. كتاب المائة الأوائل

Shi Huang T

SHIH - HUANG - TI

259 - 210 BC

The great Chinese emperor (Shi Huang Ti), who ruled from 238-210 BC. M. is the one who united China by force of arms and initiated decisive reforms. These reforms were a major factor in the unity and cultural intensity that China has maintained since that era.

Shi Hu An Ti was born in the year 259 BC and died in the year 210 BC. It is necessary to have some knowledge of the contemporary historical background. He was born in the last years of the Shwa dynasty, which was founded around 1100 BC. Centuries before his reign, the conditions of this dynasty were declining, and China was divided into a large number of feudal states.


The feudal lords were constantly in conflict with each other, and gradually many of the smaller fiefs were removed. One of the greatest warring states was the state of (Qin) in the western part of the country. This state has gradually grown, and because of its geographical location and the ability of its rulers, it has become the strongest state in the time when (Cheng) was born, and he is the future (Shi Huang Ti). The last in 221 BC. And then Cheng chose for himself the title (Shi Huang Ti), meaning the first emperor.

And (T) immediately began to make a number of important reforms, and he decided to abolish all methods of the feudal system in government, and declared that the position of the governor of the province was no longer hereditary. Then he established a good road system linking the capital to the provinces. Shi Huang Ti was not satisfied with political reforms, but rather he established reforms with weights and measures. He unified the currency, supervised the construction of roads and canals, unified laws and the language of writing.

The most famous act or decision issued by this emperor was the decision of 213 BC, which he ordered to burn. All books in China, except for books dealing with technical subjects, agriculture, and medicine, in addition to the records of the Qin family and the philosophical works of legal writers. Otherwise, the books of Confucius and all the books of other philosophical schools were burned.

As for foreign policy, there were wide conquests in the south of the country and the regions annexed by China. As for the north, his armies did not defeat all the peoples who lived there, so to prevent them from raiding China, Shi Huang Ti linked all the local walls in the northern borders and made them a huge wall, which is the Great Wall of China, which is still present to this day. And the construction of this wall along with the series of foreign wars forced him to impose high taxes, which caused a rift between him and his people, and since disobedience against his iron rule was impossible, therefore attempts were made to assassinate him, but none of these attempts succeeded.

He died a natural death in 210 BC.

When we mention the history of (Shi Huang Ti), we must not lose sight of his prime minister, the illustrious and well-known (Li Su), and in fact, the importance of * (Li Su) was no less than the importance of his master, the Emperor, and we cannot mention one of them without mentioning the other, and the fact is that their close cooperation He is the reason for the success of the judgment. Western historians likened Shi Huang Ti to Napoleon Bonaparte.