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Aristotle Thales

ARISTOTLE

384 BC - 322 BC

Aristotle is considered the greatest philosopher and scientist in the ancient world. He established the study of formal logic and enriched almost every branch of philosophy with many exploits in the sciences.

Many of Aristotle's ideas are now obsolete, but what is most important for the individualist theories is the rationalistic way in which his works lie. Within the writings of Aristotle enters the position that considers every aspect of human life and society as a subject of reflection and analysis.

The view that the universe is not controlled by blind luck, magic, or the whims of the gods, but that its behavior is subject to reasonable laws, the belief that human beings should not be complacent about every aspect of the natural world, and the firm belief that we should make use of both observations and logical judgments when we form Our conclusions that this group of attitudes contrary to traditions or traditional approaches and to superstition or secret rituals have had a profound impact on Western civilization.

Aristotle was born in 384 BC. M. in the city of Stagira in Macedonia, Greece, and his father was a brilliant doctor, and when he was seventeen, he traveled to Athens to study at Plato's Academy, and he remained there for twenty years, even after Plato's death shortly. It is possible that Aristotle acquired from his father an interest in biology and practical sciences while learning from | Plato interest in philosophical meditation.

In the year 342 BC, Aristotle returned to Macedonia to become a private tutor for the young king's thirteen-year-old son, who later became known in history as Alexander the Great. His family supervised Alexander's education for several years.

Rather, it was from and in the year 335 BC. AD After Alexander ascended to the throne, Aristotle returned to Athens, where he opened his own school (the Lyceum). He spent the next twelve years in Athens, which is almost the same period that Alexander spent in his military conquests. It appears that Alexander was not asking his teacher for advice, giving him money in order to pursue his research. This was the first heresy in history for a scientist to obtain funds from the state to pursue his research, and it was the first and the last through many centuries that will pass.

However, his association with Alexander had its risks. Aristotle was with opponents of Alexander's dictatorial style of government, and when Alexander executed Aristotle's nephew on charges of treason, it appeared as if Aristotle had also been executed, but Aristotle was closely related to Alexander, which angered the people of Athens against him, and when Alexander died in 323 BC. The League of Anti-Macedonians won and took control of Athens, and Aristotle was considered (without piety), and then Aristotle remembered the fate of Socrates seventy-six years ago, so he fled from the city, saying that he would not give the Athenians another opportunity to sin against philosophy, but he died in exile after a few months in the year 322 BC. M at the age of sixty-two.

The works of Aristotle and what he presented to the world are astonishing. Forty-seven of his works remain, and it is mentioned that he wrote more than 170 books. But it is not the number of his books that is important, but his vast and amazing knowledge. His scientific works constitute an encyclopedia of scientific knowledge in those days. He wrote about astronomy, zoology, embryology, geography, stratigraphy, physics, anatomy, physiology, and every field of knowledge that was known to the ancient Greeks. He was at the same time an original philosopher and accomplished many exploits in every aspect of speculative philosophies.