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Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein

1879-1955 AD

Albert Einstein is considered the greatest scientist of the twentieth century and one of the most prominent brains in the world. All ages. His name has been associated with the theory of relativity, and the fact that this theory constitutes two theories, the first is the special theory of relativity, which he formulated in 1905, and the general theory of relativity, which he formulated in 1915, which it is better to call it Einstein's theory of gravity. Both theories are very complex and we will not try to explain either of them here, but we will try to comment on special relativity in short.

There is a well-known principle that says that everything is relative and that Einstein's theory is not a repeat or repetition of this trivial philosophy but rather a mathematical statement in the way scientific measurements appear to be relative. Subjective impressions There were real distances and absolute time that accurate tools could measure objectively, but Einstein's theory sparked a revolution in scientific thinking by denying the existence of any absolute time. The following example shows how he was able to radically modify our ideas through his theory about time and space.


Imagine the existence of a spaceship and let it (spaceship X) move away from the earth at a speed of (100) thousand kilometers per second. The speed is measured by observers on both the ship and the earth and their measurements are compatible. In the meantime, you assume the existence of a second spaceship (spaceship Y) moving in the same direction. The spaceship (S), but at a much greater speed. If the observers on Earth measured the speed of the ship (Y), they would find that it was moving away from Earth at a speed of (180,000) kilometers per second, and the observers on the spaceship (Y) would reach the same result. .

Now that both spaceships are moving in the same direction, the difference in their speeds is (80,000) kilometers per second and that the faster ship must be traveling away from the slower ship at a rate of (80,000) kilometers per second.

However, Einstein's theory predicts that when the observers are taking both ships, the observers on both ships will agree that the distance between them is increasing at a speed of (100,000) km per second, not (80,000) km per second.

But such a result outwardly calls for ridicule, and it is possible that the reader will think that there is a verbal trick that has been proposed or that some details have been omitted. The truth is that neither this nor that is true, as it has to do with the details of building spaceships or the forces used to propel them and does not result from any error. In the note, there is no glitch in the measuring tools, and there is no trick. According to Einstein, the aforementioned result is the result of the fundamental nature of time and space.

Imagine the existence of a spaceship and let it (spaceship X) move away from the earth at a speed of (100) thousand kilometers per second. The speed is measured by observers on both the ship and the earth and their measurements are compatible. In the meantime, you assume the existence of a second spaceship (spaceship Y) moving in the same direction. The spaceship (S), but at a much greater speed. If the observers on Earth measured the speed of the ship (Y), they would find that it was moving away from Earth at a speed of (180,000) kilometers per second, and the observers on the spaceship (Y) would reach the same result. .

Now that both spaceships are moving in the same direction, the difference in their speeds is (80,000) kilometers per second and that the faster ship must be traveling away from the slower ship at a rate of (80,000) kilometers per second.

However, Einstein's theory predicts that when the observers are taking both ships, the observers on both ships will agree that the distance between them is increasing at a speed of (100,000) km per second, not (80,000) km per second.

But such a result outwardly calls for ridicule, and it is possible that the reader will think that there is a verbal trick that has been proposed or that some details have been omitted. The truth is that neither this nor that is true, as it has to do with the details of building spaceships or the forces used to propel them and does not result from any error. In the note, there is no glitch in the measuring tools, and there is no trick. According to Einstein, the aforementioned result is the result of the fundamental nature of time and space.

Now it appears that all that we have mentioned is terrible theoretical talk. In fact, years have passed when people considered the theory of relativity as a hypothesis (the ivory tower) that had no practical significance, but after the atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945, people no longer considered the theory of relativity as an ivory tower. As one of the conclusions of the theory of relativity is that matter and energy are to some extent equivalent and the relationship between them is given by the equation: i = k x x 2

(i = energy, k = mass, x = speed of light)

And now, since (S), which is equal to (186,000) miles per second, represents a very large number, so S2 is a very large number and follows very small transformations of matter, so it will release a huge amount of energy.

A person cannot make an atomic bomb or an atomic reactor from the equation i = k x x 2, and we must not forget that there are many other people who have played an important role in the development of atomic energy, but the importance of Einstein's contribution cannot be denied, and above that, Einstein's letter to the president Roosevelt in 1939, which was referring to the possibility of developing atomic weapons and emphasizing the importance of the role of the United States in developing such weapons before Germany did so. This message helped bring the Manhattan Project into existence, which ended in the manufacture of the first atomic bomb.

Special relativity has sparked intense discussions, as this theory was one of the scientific theories that is considered a bogeyman for the human mind, but the truth is that every description of this kind is a wrong description because Einstein's theory begins with a logical introduction that the results of gravity are not caused by physical forces in the ordinary sense of the word, but it is caused by hunching Space itself, and this is a really amazing idea.

How can a person live the convexity of space by himself, and what does it mean to say that space is convex? Einstein not only presented this theory, but also put this theory in a clear mathematical form in which predictions can be drawn and the validity of the hypothesis tested. Subsequent tests and observations supported the validity of Einstein's theory, especially those observations that were made during a total solar eclipse, those observations that consistently proved the validity of Einstein's mathematical equations.

Einstein was born in 1879 in the city of Alm in Germany. He studied in high schools in Switzerland and became a Swiss citizen in the year 1900. That year he published his theory of relativity, which brought him fame, but his theories were controversial about it.

Despite this, he was appointed a professor at the University of Berlin in 1913, and in the same year he became director of the Kaiser William Institute of Physics and a member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences. These circumstances left him time to devote himself to research however he wanted. In 1921 he was awarded the Nobel Prize. But when Hitler came to power in Germany, Einstein moved to New Jersey in the United States of America because he was Jewish and he died in 1955.