موسوعة العلمـاء و المخترعين .. العلمـاء بالترتيب حسب اسم الشهرة .. الحرف ٦_ه

Encyclopedia of Scientists and Inventors.. Scientists in order according to their nickname.. The letter 6_H

⏹ Helmont; Jean Baptista Fan
Helmont, Jan Baptista Van

Belgian chemist (1577 - 1644)
Helmont began to study art, as he grew up in a rich, ancient environment, and Helmont was refusing the educational rewards given to him on the grounds that it was a kind of absurdity, and he turned to the study of religion, then the study of medicine. Soon after, he discarded the existing medical references and wished he would burn them. His mind finally settled on studying chemistry. Although Helmont was one of those who believed in the conversion of cheap elements into precious ones such as gold, it is a model for the transition from “alchemy” to chemistry. The scale was used in the tests
Quantity . And he was aware that the dissolution of a metal in acid does not mean its annihilation, but rather it can be re-extracted. Nitric acid (nitrogen) and sulfuric acid were known to him, and he also introduced the use of the word “gas, gas (from the Greek: chaos)” to chemistry. Helmont took the lead in recognizing that carbon monoxide is a gas and called it "gas sylvester". Rather, he was the first to distinguish any other gas from air.
Helmont authored a famous book about kidney stones and mentioned that they arise by crystallization from urine, (and explained the osmotic property, and gave an example of that the spread of food through the walls of the intestine.
He also described acids and alkalis as remedies for indigestion. Helmont believed that solids could arise from water, and to prove that, he planted a tree in wet mud to prove that the mud did not lose anything of its weight, and that the tree grew from water, as he had not yet known the nature of the formation of the plant for its food from carbon dioxide gas (from the air) and from Salts dissolved in water and the water itself.

⏹ Hamilton, Sir William Rowan
Hamilton, Sir William Rowan

Scottish mathematician and astronomer (1805-1865)
• Hamilton was educated at Trinity College, Dublin. He was distinguished by an extraordinary talent in learning (foreign) languages. At the age of fourteen he knew thirteen languages, and at seventeen he was the greatest mathematician of his time.
Hamilton worked as a professor of astronomy at Trinity College in Dublin in the year 1827. He also worked as a royal astronomer. Hamilton was famous for his invention of the Quaternions Calculus, which is a kind of three-dimensional algebra or geometry. He is the maker of the hydrograph.
Giving him this name, Hamilton was able from theoretical principles to predict a number of properties of conical refraction and wrote about them in 1828 under the title:
Systems of Rays Theory of .
His most important work was a book: General Methods of Dynamics
Years 1834-1835 has made this book of traditional mechanics threshold for the emergence of quantum theory theory quantum.

⏹ Henderson, Thomas Henderson, Thomas

Scottish astronomer (1798 - 1844)
. . Henderson was trained as a clerk, and in his spare time he studied astronomy, so that, despite his poor eyesight, he could contribute to the advancement of astronomical calculations. Henderson worked in South Africa as an astronomer (in the Cape of Good Hope). Henderson was chosen as a Fellow of the Royal Society and taught astronomy in Edinburgh. He also became the first astronomer royal in Scotland.
Henderson was able to measure the aberration in the position of the star Alpha Centauri (1), but he did not publish the results of his research until the year 1839. Bessel preceded him in announcing the solution to the same problem. Henderson also noticed the transition of the planet Mercury.

⏹ Henderson, George View
Henderson, George Hugh

Canadian mathematical physicist (1892 - 1949)
Henderson learned in Dalhousie and Cambridge, then returned to Dalhousie to work as a professor of mathematics. Henderson collaborated with the scientist Bateson in making a Mekready photometer, i.e. a device for measuring the intensity of light characterized by high accuracy (photometer micro), in order to study the halos arising from the variation in the absorption of light that oscillates in different directions during its penetration of the crystal (pleochroic rock minerals). Henderson benefited from that in determining Emaar Al Sukhoor.