موسوعة العلمـاء و المخترعين .. العلمـاء بالترتيب حسب اسم الشهرة .. الحرف ٣_ه

Encyclopedia of Scientists and Inventors.. Scientists in order according to their nickname.. The letter 3_H

⏹ Hutton, James Hutton,

Scottish geologist (1726 - 1797)
Hutton studied in Edinburgh and Leiden and devoted himself to scientific research, so he wrote: The Theory of the Earth in 1785, where he said: “The present is the key to the past represented by geological processes, and he corrected a number of erroneous opinions of the German geologist Werner from 1750 to 1817 about the emergence of igneous rocks (impulsive) ) and proved that granite is produced from a hot, liquefied substance (it is worth noting that granite can be formed from certain sedimentary rocks due to the continuation of the transformation to the melting point, in addition to the presence of granite of pristine magmati origin and Hutton is considered the founder of the modern theory of the earth's crust In John Playfair, a tireless supporter and advocate of his theory and his views on the origin of fire and atmospheric changes, while these views did not find general acceptance in his day, but subsequent research proved their validity, and they are at the present time the basis of geological research.
Alf Hutun: Studies of the Principles of Knowledge in 1794, Investigations of the Principles of Knowledge. The Origin of the Earth, as previously referred to, was issued in two volumes.

⏹ Herdlicka, Alesh

A Czech-American specialist in anthropology (1869-1943) -
Hrdlicka was one of the most prominent immigrants studying anthropology · He studied medicine in New York and worked at the State Institute of Diseases, specializing in the anthropological aspects of mental disorder. After that, he worked within the Museum of Natural History in New York and the National Museum in Washington Hrdlicka was interested in the study of human origins, and he came up with new theories related to the North American Indians, in which he attributed them to an Asian origin.

⏹ Herschel, Sir John Frederick William
Herschel, Sir John Frederick William

English astronomer (1792-1871)
John Herschel learned in Cambridge, then continued the work of his father, Frederick Herschel, and discovered five hundred and twenty-five nebulae and star clusters • John Herschel set up an observatory near Cape Town in South Africa in order to expand his investigations to include the southern hemisphere sky • John Herschel presided over the year 1848 of the Royal Astronomical Society as he presided over The Mint in 1850 He was a pioneer in celestial photography, and through his chemical knowledge, he contributed greatly to the advancement of photography, as he invented (independently from Talbot) sensitive photographic paper.
John Herschel introduced the use of the words “positive and negative” for the original image (negative) and bleached (the original image positive), respectively.
Awarded the « Copley Medal, in recognition of his efforts -

Herschel: Sir Frederick William
Herschel, Sir Frederick William

German-British astronomer (1738-1822) -
Herschel grew up in Germany and then moved to Britain when he was not yet twenty. He was then a bandleader in the army.
Herschel devoted his free time to the study of astronomy, so he created a reflective telescope with a new format, so that it contained a low-inclination reflector, and in it the image was looked at directly without using the usual small woman located in the focal length inside the tube. In the year 1779, when Herschel was forty-one years old, he began a survey regular of the sky using a seven-foot-diameter reflecting telescope
He discovered the planet Uranus in 1781 and called it Geor gium Sidus. As a result of the discovery, he received an annual grant of four hundred pounds. After that, he discovered followers of Saturn, during his study of the rings surrounding the planet and its rotation periods. He also discovered two satellites of Uranus.
In 1802, Herschel completed a catalog of five thousand nebulae and stellar clusters that had been discovered by him. Herschel was assisted in his tireless work by his sister, Caroline.